w9 personality Flashcards
personality is
what someones behaviour, values, interests tend to be like
- distinguish person from another
stable set of distinguishing psychological characteristics of person
3 theoretical perspectives
william james - principles of psychology
freud psychoanalytic theory
Eysencks genetic biological theory
william james perspective
personality a concept of ‘the self’
aspects ‘change in time’
change - mental illness
Freud’s perspective
personality developed from early childhood, manifests as 3 parts of mind
id, ego, superego
Freud
unconscious, conscious, preconscious
u = immoral, unacceptable
c = immediate awareness, current feelings/thoughts
pre = stored memory
freud
Factors
genes + heritability - appearance, personality
environmental - childhood, culture
Eysenck’s theory
ascending reticular activating system –> introversion, extraversion
autonomic nervous system –> neuroticism vs stability
how much personality is genetic?
twins too
Eysenck - 60-80% is genetic
twins 40%
Eysneck twin studies
fraternal share 50% genes
identical share 100% genes
environment is shared and unique
reared together = identical more similar
fraternal rearer apart - environ contribution
identical reared apart/together - low environ impact on personality
if genetics is 40/50% for personality, what makes up the rest?
environment!
unique effects (interactions, experiences) are more important than shared (family, education)
big 5 personality traits
6th
other cultures have…
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
6 = honesty, humility
other cultures - many different sets of traits
how many personality traits are there?
allport + obert
lexical hypothesis - important differences encoded in the language we use to describe people
websters dictionary 17900 terms
evaluative, temporary,personality, other
cross-situational self-consistency is
people do things regardless of situation
part of personality if consistent
behaviour part of personality?
injunctive norm - quite because in lecture
descriptive norm - what everyone is doing
how is personality measured
projective tests - inkblot patterns, ‘what do you see’ project self into picture = inconsistent
self-reports - NEO3 assesses big 5 on 5-point scale
