w8) schizophrenia

Question 1

schiz symptoms

what are 4/5 main symptom domains of schizophrenia?

Answer 1

1) pos symptoms +
2) neg symptoms -
3) disorganized
4) cognitive
5) mood/anxiety

Question 2

schiz symptoms

pos symptoms include + what?

2 examples

Answer 2

delusions - false belief
hallucinations - sensory perceptual experiences

Question 3

schiz symptoms

neg symptoms include 4A+B -?

vo lo so
hedo
blunted

Answer 3

Avolition/apathy - dec motivation interest
alogia = dec speech
associality = social relationships
anhedonia (dep) - dec interest/antcipatory pleasure of future things

blunted affect - dec outward emotional expression

Question 4

schiz symptoms

disorganized symptoms 2 examples?

Answer 4

1) speech - loosened assocations, incomprehensible, no copic/word salad
2) behavior - unusual goal directed, agaitation, lack slef care, low motor/reactivity catatonia

Question 5

schiz symptoms

cognitive aspects effected in schiz?

Answer 5

EF, attention, memory, dcision making, social speed, processing

Question 6

criteria of schiz

min 2 out of criteria 1/2/3 criteria is:
criteria 4 (optional)
criteria 5 (optional)
duration?
impaired duration?
excluding?

Answer 6

min 2/3 - hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech

4) disorganized behavior
5) neg symptoms

min 2 months of symptoms, sig impaired 6 months

excluding schizoaffective, depressive, BP, ASD, communication disorders

Question 7

slightly different schizophrenia related disorders

brief psychotic disorder
schizophreniform disorder

hint: DURATION differences?

Answer 7

shortest schiz symptoms day-1 month, extreme STRESS

same symptoms - 1-6 months

Question 8

slightly different schizophrenia related disorders

schiziaffective disorder

schizotypal PD

delusional disorder

types of symptoms differ? combos?

Answer 8

mix of schiz + mood episodes (dep/mania)

no delusions/hallucniations, less severe- only subthreshold, social suspicion focused

only persistent delusions

Question 9

schi epidemiology

onset age?
earlier onset in which gender?
more common in which gender?

Answer 9

16-25 yrs onset
earlier in men
more common in men (slightly)
- women less severe symptoms

Question 10

causes/factors of schiz

genes- how heritable?
2 risk alleles?

Answer 10

80% heritable
de novo, rare, mutations

Question 11

causes/factors of schiz

neurotransmitters
which 4 IMPAIRED?

3 too high, 1 low

Answer 11

dopamine - HIGH (agonist produce psychosis) - PFC striatum
glutamate HIGH
serotonin HIGH
GABA - inhibitory - LOW

Question 12

causes/factors of schiz - brain areas

enclarged? dec? dec?
myleination? less what matter?
which 2 lobes/areas?
which 3 types of connectivity DEC?

Answer 12

enlarged VENTRICLES –> dec brain CELLS, BRAIN VOLUME

demylienation = diffusion, less WM

PFC, TL, amgudala, GM, basal ganglia, hippo, amygdala

fucntional, structural, effective connectivity = LESS

Question 13

causes/factors of schiz- env factors

brain development/birth factors

Answer 13

gestation, starvation, daamged, infections, drug use

Question 14

causes/factors of schiz- env factors

psych factors
- dec mood? expressed emotions? env over/under invovlement?
- SES?

Answer 14

stress –> dec mood
env - OVERINVOVLED, crtiical comments, hostility
SES - low, latittude, fish consumption low, season winter

Question 15

which 2 symptoms of schiz are included in psychosis?

Answer 15

positive (+) - hallucinations, delusions
disorganized - speech, behavior, catatonia

Question 16

treatment methods

antipsychotics are also called?
works as dopamine antagonist/agonist?
first or second generation drugs?
pros:
cons:

Answer 16

tranquilizers
dopamine antagonist (dec)
D2 refceptor blocking, 2nd gen less adverse effects, Clozapine
pros- maintain doses, over time results
cons: less effective for neg/cognitive/mood symptoms, remission rate low, long term changes take time

Question 17

treatment methods

4 education/skills/psychotherapy training examples?

Answer 17

• social skills training
• family therapy
• psychoeducation
• CBT