w10) developmental disorders (childhood)

Question 1

4D’s in developmental disorder

what are the 4D’s in developmental disorders?

Answer 1

disorder
disease
disability
difference disorder

Question 2

patterns of behavior psych symptoms affecting life (ex:neurodev disorder) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 2

disorder

Question 3

processes in the body cause of symptoms (not applicable to neurodev/psych disorders) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 3

disease
more medical ICD

Question 4

impaired condition disabling person to INTERACT WITH THE ENV is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 4

disability

Question 5

neurodivergence of neuro/cog differences as a part of human variation is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 5

difference

Question 6

what are the 3 main domains/categories of neurodev disorders?

Answer 6

INTRA-uterine = hormone, maternal toxins, inside
EXTRA-uterine = preterm, TBI, metals, env, malnourish
GENES - fragile x (single gene), down sydnrome (chromosome), poly - ADHD, ASD, intellectual disability, tourette’s

Question 7

why do we need medical model for neurodev disorders?

Answer 7

related to genes
physiological factors + env interplay both important, synergistic

Question 8

developmental psychopathology

childhood disorders in life span development are when it’s inappropriate for ? in the childhood disorder population?

Answer 8

inappropraite for their age/developmental span,
should not be present in it

Question 9

internalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples?

Answer 9

inwardly
mood- depression, anxiety, social withdrawals

Question 10

externalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples? disorders examples?

Answer 10

outwardly
aggression, non-compliance, hyperactive, impulsive

ADHD, ASD, intellectual disabilty, oppositinoal defiant, conduct, learning, communication disorder

Question 11

ADHD

what are 3 components of the cycle in ADHD?

Answer 11

1) POOR SOCIAL skills
2) overestimate social abilities
3) AGGRESSIVE

Question 12

ADHD

3 types of ADHD?
which most common? comorbid with?

Answer 12

• predominantly attention deficit (attention, speed of processing, focus)
• predominantly hyperactive (off task)
• combined - majority can comorbid with anxiety, dep, substance

Question 13

ADHD

6+ inattention symptoms?
6+ hyperactive symptoms?

Answer 13

inattention - careless mistakes, not listening, not following instructions, forgetting daily tasks, disorganized

hyperactive- fidgeting, jumping/running, incessant talking

Question 14

ADHD

min how many settings?
sig distress?
symptoms present BEFORE WHAT AGE?
if 17+ require how many symptoms to meet critiera?

Answer 14

min 2 settings (ex: home, work)
sig distress in all aspects - school, occupational, social
BEFORE 12 YRS present for children
17+ need 5 to meet criteria

Question 15

ADHD more in girls/boys?
how many % of pop?
common in what SES? jobs?
girls with combo ADHD have more comorbid with? neuropsych deficits?

Answer 15

boys 5x
8-11%
low SES, change jobs
girls - comorbid opp, conduct disorder, more neg neuropsych deficits

Question 16

ADHD neurobio and genes aetiology

genetics linked to which NT?
high or low amount of NT?
BRAIN AREAS big/smaller than average? less or more active?

Answer 16

DOPAMINE linked
HIGH amount
SMALLER brain araas- caudate nuclue,s globus, FL - less active

Question 17

ADHD

env factors - name 3 toxins? what food/material?

Answer 17

lead
nicotine**
**food additive, diet
NOT sugar **

Question 18

ADHD

family factors- parents are more? genes?

Answer 18

ineffective parenting
commanding
neg interaction
genetics of parents w ADHD

Question 19

ADHD treatment

what types of medication?
pros? cons? combined w ?

Answer 19

stimulant medication.- dec impuslivity, disruption, attention,
combined psych treatment
cons- side effects

Question 20

ADHD treatment

psych treatments for parents or child or both?

Answer 20

both
parents - training - see how child performs at school, practice at home
child- behavioral classrrom management, reinforce correct behaviors

Question 21

intellectual disability

what are 3 domains of intellectual disability?

hint: CSP

Answer 21

1) conceptual
2) social
3) practical adaptive skills

Question 22

intellectual disability

3 criteria for intellectual disability?

hint: think domains, and onset when?

Answer 22

1) intellectual deficits - problem solving, EF, reasoning, abstract
2) adaptive functioning related to age - social participation, support, communication
3) onset - childhood dev

Question 23

intellectual disability

genetic abnormalities
- what disorder has EXTRA COPY of chromosome?
- what disorder has MUTATED chromosome?
- recessive genes - liver enzme disorder?

think: extra “down”
mutations are fragile

Answer 23

extra- down syndrome
mutations - fragile x
PKU - liver enzyme, rare, diet

Question 24

intellectual disability treatments

what types of community is suitable for disablity adults? how to learn -what behavioral principles? cognitive- how to train?

Answer 24

1) residential communtiy, smaller household routines/skills learning
2) behavioral- operant conditioning, applied behavioral anlaysis - dec beahvior, gradual learning
3) cognitive - self instructinoal training - computer based, guided learning

Question 25

ASD

which 2 main domains affected?
social, cognitive, beahvioral, emotional?

Answer 25

1) social communication/interaction
2) behaviors - repetitive, dec, complex, restricted interest

Question 26

ASD deficits

social communication deficits are verbal/non-verbal/both?
interactions look like?
social emotion exchange looks like?

Answer 26

• verbal - echoloia, grammar speech wrong
• non-verbal- eye contact avoid/too much, atypucal gestures
• interactions - lack thoery of mind, limited, joint attention impaired, hard to take turns talking, can’t understqand others

Question 27

ASD deficits

repetitve behavioral patterns/interests/gestures look like?
what mannerisms? complex behaviors? interests? reactivity to sensory input?

Answer 27

mannerisms - repetive behavior - relieve anxiety (spin, clap, jump, click tongue)

complex behaviors - routine repetive acts - hand/body mvoements, clap, strong attachment to mechanical objects

restricted interest - preoccuped with objects, holding it

hyper/hypo reactive to sensory input

Question 28

ASD criteria

when is the onset of ASD?
impair functioning?
diverse or non-diverse spectrum?
comorbid with?
prevalence which gender more?
which SES/racial
stable/fluctuate?

Answer 28

childhood
impair functioning
diverse
anxiety, intellectual disability, learning disorder, seperation anxiety
boys 5x
all SES, ethnic - no differenced
stable, cont over time

Question 29

aetiology of ASD

genes - how strong is heritable 0-1?
brain size? (hint: big head bob)
less/slower brain? growth is?
overgrown areas? - hint: lobes, areas sensitive to what

Answer 29

0.8 highly heritable
LARGER brain/head size
fewer neuronal connections, less maturation, slower growth
overgrown FL, TL, CEREBLLUM, AMYGDALA

Question 30

ASD treatment

behavioral or drug more effective? more both?

Answer 30

behavioral

Question 31

ASD treatment

what type of behavioral treatment?

Answer 31

1) joint attention - focusing on communication, engagement
2) behavioral treatment for parents + child- language, skills

Question 32

ASD treatment

what 2 types of drugs used?

Answer 32

• antipsychotic
• opoid receptor antagonist