w10) developmental disorders (childhood)

Question 1

4D’s in developmental disorder

what are the 4D’s in developmental disorders?

Answer 1

disorder
disease
disability
difference disorder

Question 2

patterns of behavior psych symptoms affecting life (ex:neurodev disorder) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 2

disorder

Question 3

processes in the body cause of symptoms (not applicable to neurodev/psych disorders) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 3

disease
more medical ICD

Question 4

impaired condition disabling person to INTERACT WITH THE ENV is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 4

disability

Question 5

neurodivergence of neuro/cog differences as a part of human variation is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference

Answer 5

difference

Question 6

what are the 3 main domains/categories of neurodev disorders?

Answer 6

INTRA-uterine = hormone, maternal toxins, inside
EXTRA-uterine = preterm, TBI, metals, env, malnourish
GENES - fragile x (single gene), down sydnrome (chromosome), poly - ADHD, ASD, intellectual disability, tourette’s

Question 7

why do we need medical model for neurodev disorders?

Answer 7

related to genes
physiological factors + env interplay both important, synergistic

Question 8

developmental psychopathology

childhood disorders in life span development are when it’s inappropriate for ? in the childhood disorder population?

Answer 8

inappropraite for their age/developmental span,
should not be present in it

Question 9

internalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples?

Answer 9

inwardly
mood- depression, anxiety, social withdrawals

Question 10

externalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples? disorders examples?

Answer 10

outwardly
aggression, non-compliance, hyperactive, impulsive

ADHD, ASD, intellectual disabilty, oppositinoal defiant, conduct, learning, communication disorder

Question 11

ADHD

what are 3 components of the cycle in ADHD?

Answer 11

1) POOR SOCIAL skills
2) overestimate social abilities
3) AGGRESSIVE

Question 12

ADHD

3 types of ADHD?
which most common? comorbid with?

Answer 12

• predominantly attention deficit (attention, speed of processing, focus)
• predominantly hyperactive (off task)
• combined - majority can comorbid with anxiety, dep, substance

Question 13

ADHD

6+ inattention symptoms?
6+ hyperactive symptoms?

Answer 13

inattention - careless mistakes, not listening, not following instructions, forgetting daily tasks, disorganized

hyperactive- fidgeting, jumping/running, incessant talking

Question 14

ADHD

min how many settings?
sig distress?
symptoms present BEFORE WHAT AGE?
if 17+ require how many symptoms to meet critiera?

Answer 14

min 2 settings (ex: home, work)
sig distress in all aspects - school, occupational, social
BEFORE 12 YRS present for children
17+ need 5 to meet criteria

Question 15

ADHD more in girls/boys?
how many % of pop?
common in what SES? jobs?
girls with combo ADHD have more comorbid with? neuropsych deficits?

Answer 15

boys 5x
8-11%
low SES, change jobs
girls - comorbid opp, conduct disorder, more neg neuropsych deficits

Question 16

ADHD neurobio and genes aetiology

genetics linked to which NT?
high or low amount of NT?
BRAIN AREAS big/smaller than average? less or more active?

Answer 16

DOPAMINE linked
HIGH amount
SMALLER brain araas- caudate nuclue,s globus, FL - less active

Question 17

ADHD

env factors - name 3 toxins? what food/material?

Answer 17

lead
nicotine**
**food additive, diet
NOT sugar **

Question 18

ADHD

family factors- parents are more? genes?

Answer 18

ineffective parenting
commanding
neg interaction
genetics of parents w ADHD

Question 19

ADHD treatment

what types of medication?
pros? cons? combined w ?

Answer 19

stimulant medication.- dec impuslivity, disruption, attention,
combined psych treatment
cons- side effects

Question 20

ADHD treatment

psych treatments for parents or child or both?

Answer 20

both
parents - training - see how child performs at school, practice at home
child- behavioral classrrom management, reinforce correct behaviors

Question 21

intellectual disability

what are 3 domains of intellectual disability?

hint: CSP

Answer 21

1) conceptual
2) social
3) practical adaptive skills

Question 22

intellectual disability

3 criteria for intellectual disability?

hint: think domains, and onset when?

Answer 22

1) intellectual deficits - problem solving, EF, reasoning, abstract
2) adaptive functioning related to age - social participation, support, communication
3) onset - childhood dev

Question 23

intellectual disability

genetic abnormalities
- what disorder has EXTRA COPY of chromosome?
- what disorder has MUTATED chromosome?
- recessive genes - liver enzme disorder?

think: extra “down”
mutations are fragile

Answer 23

extra- down syndrome
mutations - fragile x
PKU - liver enzyme, rare, diet

Question 24

intellectual disability treatments

what types of community is suitable for disablity adults? how to learn -what behavioral principles? cognitive- how to train?

Answer 24

1) residential communtiy, smaller household routines/skills learning
2) behavioral- operant conditioning, applied behavioral anlaysis - dec beahvior, gradual learning
3) cognitive - self instructinoal training - computer based, guided learning

Question 25

# ASD which 2 main domains affected? social, cognitive, beahvioral, emotional?

Answer 25

1) social communication/interaction 2) behaviors - repetitive, dec, complex, restricted interest

Question 26

# ASD deficits social communication deficits are verbal/non-verbal/both? interactions look like? social emotion exchange looks like?

Answer 26

- verbal - echoloia, grammar speech wrong - non-verbal- eye contact avoid/too much, atypucal gestures - interactions - lack thoery of mind, limited, joint attention impaired, hard to take turns talking, can't understqand others

Question 27

# ASD deficits repetitve behavioral patterns/interests/gestures look like? what mannerisms? complex behaviors? interests? reactivity to sensory input?

Answer 27

mannerisms - repetive behavior - relieve anxiety (spin, clap, jump, click tongue) complex behaviors - routine repetive acts - hand/body mvoements, clap, strong attachment to mechanical objects restricted interest - preoccuped with objects, holding it hyper/hypo reactive to sensory input

Question 28

# ASD criteria when is the onset of ASD? impair functioning? diverse or non-diverse spectrum? comorbid with? prevalence which gender more? which SES/racial stable/fluctuate?

Answer 28

childhood impair functioning diverse anxiety, intellectual disability, learning disorder, seperation anxiety boys 5x all SES, ethnic - no differenced stable, cont over time

Question 29

# aetiology of ASD genes - how strong is heritable 0-1? brain size? (hint: big head bob) less/slower brain? growth is? overgrown areas? - hint: lobes, areas sensitive to what

Answer 29

0.8 highly heritable LARGER brain/head size fewer neuronal connections, less maturation, slower growth overgrown FL, TL, CEREBLLUM, AMYGDALA

Question 30

# ASD treatment behavioral or drug more effective? more both?

Answer 30

behavioral

Question 31

# ASD treatment what type of behavioral treatment?

Answer 31

1) joint attention - focusing on communication, engagement 2) behavioral treatment for parents + child- language, skills

Question 32

# ASD treatment what 2 types of drugs used?

Answer 32

- antipsychotic - opoid receptor antagonist