w10) developmental disorders (childhood) Flashcards
4D’s in developmental disorder
what are the 4D’s in developmental disorders?
disorder
disease
disability
difference disorder
patterns of behavior psych symptoms affecting life (ex:neurodev disorder) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference
disorder
processes in the body cause of symptoms (not applicable to neurodev/psych disorders) is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference
disease
more medical ICD
impaired condition disabling person to INTERACT WITH THE ENV is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference
disability
neurodivergence of neuro/cog differences as a part of human variation is which D?
- disorder, disease, disability, difference
difference
what are the 3 main domains/categories of neurodev disorders?
INTRA-uterine = hormone, maternal toxins, inside
EXTRA-uterine = preterm, TBI, metals, env, malnourish
GENES - fragile x (single gene), down sydnrome (chromosome), poly - ADHD, ASD, intellectual disability, tourette’s
why do we need medical model for neurodev disorders?
related to genes
physiological factors + env interplay both important, synergistic
developmental psychopathology
childhood disorders in life span development are when it’s inappropriate for ? in the childhood disorder population?
inappropraite for their age/developmental span,
should not be present in it
internalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples?
inwardly
mood- depression, anxiety, social withdrawals
externalizing disorders - how are behaviors expressed?
examples? disorders examples?
outwardly
aggression, non-compliance, hyperactive, impulsive
ADHD, ASD, intellectual disabilty, oppositinoal defiant, conduct, learning, communication disorder
ADHD
what are 3 components of the cycle in ADHD?
1) POOR SOCIAL skills
2) overestimate social abilities
3) AGGRESSIVE
ADHD
3 types of ADHD?
which most common? comorbid with?
- predominantly attention deficit (attention, speed of processing, focus)
- predominantly hyperactive (off task)
- combined - majority can comorbid with anxiety, dep, substance
ADHD
6+ inattention symptoms?
6+ hyperactive symptoms?
inattention - careless mistakes, not listening, not following instructions, forgetting daily tasks, disorganized
hyperactive- fidgeting, jumping/running, incessant talking
ADHD
min how many settings?
sig distress?
symptoms present BEFORE WHAT AGE?
if 17+ require how many symptoms to meet critiera?
min 2 settings (ex: home, work)
sig distress in all aspects - school, occupational, social
BEFORE 12 YRS present for children
17+ need 5 to meet criteria
ADHD more in girls/boys?
how many % of pop?
common in what SES? jobs?
girls with combo ADHD have more comorbid with? neuropsych deficits?
boys 5x
8-11%
low SES, change jobs
girls - comorbid opp, conduct disorder, more neg neuropsych deficits
ADHD neurobio and genes aetiology
genetics linked to which NT?
high or low amount of NT?
BRAIN AREAS big/smaller than average? less or more active?
DOPAMINE linked
HIGH amount
SMALLER brain araas- caudate nuclue,s globus, FL - less active
ADHD
env factors - name 3 toxins? what food/material?
lead
nicotine**
**food additive, diet
NOT sugar **
ADHD
family factors- parents are more? genes?
ineffective parenting
commanding
neg interaction
genetics of parents w ADHD
ADHD treatment
what types of medication?
pros? cons? combined w ?
stimulant medication.- dec impuslivity, disruption, attention,
combined psych treatment
cons- side effects
ADHD treatment
psych treatments for parents or child or both?
both
parents - training - see how child performs at school, practice at home
child- behavioral classrrom management, reinforce correct behaviors
intellectual disability
what are 3 domains of intellectual disability?
hint: CSP
1) conceptual
2) social
3) practical adaptive skills
intellectual disability
3 criteria for intellectual disability?
hint: think domains, and onset when?
1) intellectual deficits - problem solving, EF, reasoning, abstract
2) adaptive functioning related to age - social participation, support, communication
3) onset - childhood dev
intellectual disability
genetic abnormalities
- what disorder has EXTRA COPY of chromosome?
- what disorder has MUTATED chromosome?
- recessive genes - liver enzme disorder?
think: extra “down”
mutations are fragile
extra- down syndrome
mutations - fragile x
PKU - liver enzyme, rare, diet
intellectual disability treatments
what types of community is suitable for disablity adults? how to learn -what behavioral principles? cognitive- how to train?
1) residential communtiy, smaller household routines/skills learning
2) behavioral- operant conditioning, applied behavioral anlaysis - dec beahvior, gradual learning
3) cognitive - self instructinoal training - computer based, guided learning
ASD
which 2 main domains affected?
social, cognitive, beahvioral, emotional?
1) social communication/interaction
2) behaviors - repetitive, dec, complex, restricted interest
ASD deficits
social communication deficits are verbal/non-verbal/both?
interactions look like?
social emotion exchange looks like?
- verbal - echoloia, grammar speech wrong
- non-verbal- eye contact avoid/too much, atypucal gestures
- interactions - lack thoery of mind, limited, joint attention impaired, hard to take turns talking, can’t understqand others
ASD deficits
repetitve behavioral patterns/interests/gestures look like?
what mannerisms? complex behaviors? interests? reactivity to sensory input?
mannerisms - repetive behavior - relieve anxiety (spin, clap, jump, click tongue)
complex behaviors - routine repetive acts - hand/body mvoements, clap, strong attachment to mechanical objects
restricted interest - preoccuped with objects, holding it
hyper/hypo reactive to sensory input
ASD criteria
when is the onset of ASD?
impair functioning?
diverse or non-diverse spectrum?
comorbid with?
prevalence which gender more?
which SES/racial
stable/fluctuate?
childhood
impair functioning
diverse
anxiety, intellectual disability, learning disorder, seperation anxiety
boys 5x
all SES, ethnic - no differenced
stable, cont over time
aetiology of ASD
genes - how strong is heritable 0-1?
brain size? (hint: big head bob)
less/slower brain? growth is?
overgrown areas? - hint: lobes, areas sensitive to what
0.8 highly heritable
LARGER brain/head size
fewer neuronal connections, less maturation, slower growth
overgrown FL, TL, CEREBLLUM, AMYGDALA
ASD treatment
behavioral or drug more effective? more both?
behavioral
ASD treatment
what type of behavioral treatment?
1) joint attention - focusing on communication, engagement
2) behavioral treatment for parents + child- language, skills
ASD treatment
what 2 types of drugs used?
- antipsychotic
- opoid receptor antagonist
