w7) personality disorders Flashcards
personality general
Is personality stable or unstable patterns of cognition, emotion, behavior, functioning? what is the goal of personality in relation to life?
what is adaptive personality?
stable
can cope with stressors, fulfilling life
personality general
what is a “disorder” in personality then?
set of TRAITS –> hard to live fulfilling life
personality general
3P’s of personality is?
per-per-path
1) pervasive = stable occurence in VARIOUS situations (not just some, some=not stable/pervasice)
2) PERSISTENT = stable OVER TIME (min 5 yrs)
3) PATHOLOGICAL = disorder - must lead to functional impairment
PD classifcation
what are the 3 clusters A, B, C of PD? how many in each cluster?
A) odd ecccentric 3
B) emotional erratic dramatic 4
C) anxious fearful 4
odd eccentric cluster A
Name 3 PD in cluster A (odd eccentric)
which is still
odd PSS
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
odd eccentric cluster A
what is odd eccentric cluster A PD related to generally?
intpersonal social relationships deficits
general PD
what’s the minimum requirement common in all PD?
not schizophrenia, bipolar, psychotic disorders, med, substance related
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
Cluster A1) PARANOID PD - use 2 main words to describe it. what emotion is it driven by?
min 4/7 criteria include
suspicious of 2 things? disclose or not?
read hidden?
angry 2 ex? doubts who?
suspiciousness, distrust, driven by FEAR
unjustified sus towards partner (infidelity)
unjustified sus towards being harmed
reluctant to confide/disclose bc sus
doubts trust of friends/relationsihps
angry reaction if threat to character/reutation
holds grudges
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
How is paranoid PD different to schizophrenia or delusions?
no hallucinations, cog distortions, or full blown delusions present!!
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
Cluster A2) use 2 words to describe/sum schizoid PD? what emotion is it driven by?
think “schiZOID rhythms with VOID
affect is? emotions?
lacking relationships ex? alone or companion?
pleasures?
detrachement, restrictiont, driven by lacking interest in others
- flat affect, cold
- indifference to praise, criticism
- lack friends
- prefer solitude
- lack desire for closer relationships
- lack desire for sex
- lack pelasurable activities
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
cluster A3) use 3 words to describe/sum schizotypal PD? what does it have which paranoid and schizoid PD DON’T HAVE?
lack close relationships
magical thinking
eccentric
have cognitive perceptual distortions! (more severe)
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
5/8 criteria of schizotypal PD
hint: 4 thought, 1 emo, 1 look, 2 friend
TYLER with –TYPAL is most severe
- magical thinking (extransensory perception, read minds)
- ideas of reference (TV designed for them)
- unusual perceptions (illusions, sensory perceptions
- suspicion, paranoid
- inapp restricted affect (flat aloof)
- odd behavior (social anxiety, dress, clothing)
- social anxiety
- lack friends
odd eccentric cluster A (PSS)
risk factors for schizotypal
- brain?
- most similar to what other psych disorder?
genetics, enlarged ventricles, smaller GM in temporal lobe
schizophrenia
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
name 4 types of dramatic erratic cluster B personality disorders
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
use 2 words do summarize B1) antisocial PD
ego dystonic or syntonic?
more in which gender? what comorbid with?
disregard rights of others
impulsive
ego dystonic = individual with PD does not percieve it as a problem/issue
men 3x, susbtance abuse, drug rehab
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
3 criteria of antisocial PD
- min of criteria #3 (3/7) includes
3 actions of rule breaking, 4 affect/emotion
min age 15 yrs = have conduct disorder
min age to diagnosis = 18 yrs
symptoms = disregard safety others/self, law breaking, unresponsible finance, lack remorse, impulsive, agression, deceitful
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
how does psychopathy differ to antisocial?
psychopathy focuses on FEELINGS, THOUGHTS - no sense shame, anxieety, remorse, charm to manipulate
- bold, mean, impuslive
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
Is sociopathy or psychopathy required to dignose APD?
no can overlap, not required, subset but 2 different terms
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
APD aetiology?
genetics
dec emotional reactivity (amgygdala) PFC (less threat response)
social influence - parental harsh, disciplinary
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
use 2 words to summarize borderline PD (most commonly seen in where?)
unstable mood, relationships
impulsive
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
5 domains of dysregulation in borderline PD include?
self
intepersonal
emotions
cognition
behavioral
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN) in borderline PDE
interpersonal dysreg 2 ex
self and cog dysreg 1 ex
efforts avoid abandonment, unstable relationships (devalued or idealized = spllitting from hate to love a person)
identity disruptions, dysreg sense of self (not sure who they are as a person= dyeing hair)
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
emotional dysreg 4 ex
behavior dysreg 2 ex
rapid mood changes, poor control anger, stress (paranoid thoughts), feeling empty
impsulive min 2 (spending, sex, substance, drive, eating), recurrent suicidal behavior
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
aetiology of BPD?
genes
social - abuse, abandonment neglect
inc amgydala, dec PFC activity
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
what treatment used for Borderline PD?
biosocial model explains?
DBT (diathesis behavioral therapy)
bio (high emotional dysregulation) + social (invalidating env, parents child suppress emotions, lack attention care)
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
4 steps to DBT for borderline PD?
1) address impulsive behaviors
2) modulate emotions (tolerate stress)
3) improve self esteem
4) inc connectedness, happiness
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
use 2 words describe histrioninic PD?
min 5/8 signs
more in what gender?
cons?
attention drawn by?
speech is?
emotions is?
read relationships as inapp?
sexual behavior?
attention seeking, dramatic
- strong need to be center of attention
- physical appearance draw attention
- speech excessive impression/no detail
- rapid shfiting shallow emotions
- exaggerated emotions
- inapp sexual beahviors
- misread relationships as more intimate
- overally suggestable
women, low content validity, clinical utility
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
use 3 words summarize narcissitic PD
5/9 criteria
grandiosity- sees self as ? 4 ex
admiration need?
lacking empathy in? 4 neg characteristics?
gradiosity, need admiration, lack empathy
- grand view of self importance
- success/beauty focus
- high self status
- strong entitlement
- need admiration
- lack empathy
- exploit others
- envy others
- arrogance
dramatic erratic cluster B (ABHN)
3 social intepersonal factors of narcissitic PD aetiology?
parenting - overindulged or neglect (defensive as narcissism)
self importance focused, boost self worth
fragile self esteem –> interact w others to boost self esteem
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
summarize avoidant PD with 3 words
fear of?
avoids?
social inhibition
inadequacy
hypersensitive to critics
fear of rejection, dissproval criticsm –> avoidance (relationships, contacts) –> neg feedback
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
4/7 criteria for avoidant PD?
co-occurs with which disorder? dep? alcohol?
avoids what types of relationships? activities?
see self as?
preoccupied with what thoughts?
- avoid occupational/intepersonal conact (fear critics)
- restrained intimate relationships
- restrained to new relationships
- unwilling invovled unless liked by them
- avoid new activities (embarassing)
- self as inferior
- preoccupation with rejection/criticsm
social anxiety disorder, dep, alcohol abuse
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
dependent PD is focused on? sees self as?
reliance on others
self as weak
cared for comforted, not threatened
needs to look (or find new) relationships if ends
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
min 5/7 criteria for dependent PD?
difficulty doing what? (3 alone related)
need others to take ?
fears of ?
sees self as ?
- hard to make decisions (need advice)
- hard to disagree others
- hard to do tasks alone
- need others to take responsibility
- need new relationship if ends
- feels helpless when alone
- feels fear of taking care of self
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
what is dependent PD likely to develop from?
depression, intepersonal losses, inc anxiety, bulimia, overprotective parents
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
Obessive compulsive PD summarized by intense need to?
how is OCD diff?
what are obsessive compulsive PD personality traits like?
intense need for details, rules, perfection, control, order
OCD has obessions (thoughts) and compulsions (behaviors) to reduce anxiety
need order, stubborn, rigid, inflexible
fearful anxious cluster C (ADO)
criteria needing ?
hard to do ?
avoid delegating unless?
preoccupied with?
- preoccuped w rules/details/organization
- extreme perfection
- extreme work devotion
- unflexible
- hard to discard worthless items
- avoid delegating unless others conform to their standards
- rigid, stubborn
medication
what other disorder is schizotypal similar to? what medication do they both prescribe?
schizotypal similar to schizophrenia
prescribe antipsycjotics - reduce unsual thinking, cognitive perceptions
medication
what other disorder is avoidant PD similar to? what medication do they both prescribe?
social anxiety disorder
antidepressants, CBT
4 cons of PD categories
name 4 cons of PD categories
1) heterogenity of categories (diff min 4/8 symptoms checked can differ from person to person)
2) prevalence low
3) comorbid
4) unstable over time
categorical models of PD
what 4 alternative models are used for PD?
cut off scores for diagnosing
indivudal diff focused
overall clinical severity based on level of functioning
trait specifiers (Negative affect, detachment, disocialibility, disinhibition, psychoticism)
