W8 - Intergroup Bias Flashcards
Define intergroup bias.
Unfair evaluative, emotional, or behavioral response disadvantaging outgroups.
What are the three components of intergroup bias?
Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination.
What does stereotyping in intergroup bias refer to?
Cognitive beliefs about group characteristics.
How is prejudice defined in the context of intergroup bias?
Emotional attitudes based on group membership.
What constitutes discrimination in intergroup bias?
Actions that treat people differently due to group identity.
Name a tool for measuring implicit bias.
Implicit Association Task (IAT).
How does the IAT measure implicit stereotypes?
By recording faster responses to stereotypical pairings.
What are the key challenges of measuring intergroup bias?
Validity of self-reports and capturing implicit biases.
What personality trait is linked to Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)?
Low openness to experience.
What does Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) measure?
Preference for social inequality between groups.
How does stereotype suppression aim to reduce bias?
By actively inhibiting stereotypic thoughts.
What is the rebound effect in stereotype suppression?
Increased accessibility of suppressed stereotypes later.
What is the Self-Regulation Model in bias reduction?
Repeated control of prejudice to develop automatic responses.
Name one effective habit-breaking strategy to reduce prejudice.
Stereotype replacement with factual information.
What did the study using Black-White IAT show about habit-breaking?
Decrease in implicit and explicit bias over time.
How do social media interventions address bias?
By publicly criticizing racist posts to deter prejudice.
What are the limitations of social media interventions?
Effects are short-lived and context-dependent.
What is the Contact Hypothesis by Allport (1954)?
Bias decreases through structured intergroup interactions under optimal conditions.
What are the four optimal conditions in Allport’s Contact Hypothesis?
Equal status, cooperative goals, acquaintance potential, institutional support.
How does cooperation on common goals reduce bias?
By fostering interdependence and teamwork.
What role does acquaintance potential play in bias reduction?
It enables personalization, reducing stereotypes.
How does institutional support enhance intergroup contact?
By legitimizing and normalizing interactions.
What did meta-analyses find about direct contact effectiveness?
It significantly reduces prejudice across diverse groups.
What are the critiques of direct contact strategies?
Limited in segregated contexts and reliance on cross-sectional studies.
What is extended contact in reducing bias?
Knowing an ingroup member who has outgroup friends.
What mechanism in extended contact reduces prejudice?
Cognitive dissonance when disliking a friend’s friend.
What is parasocial contact in intergroup bias reduction?
Positive portrayals of outgroup members in media.
How did Harry Potter stories influence children’s attitudes toward immigrants?
Improved perceptions when identifying with positive characters.
Define imagined contact.
Visualizing positive interactions with outgroup members.
How effective is imagined contact in reducing bias?
Moderate effect, most successful when vivid and detailed.
What is e-contact in intergroup relations?
Online communication fostering dialogue between groups.
What study showed the impact of e-contact on intergroup bias?
Reduced bias in Christian and Muslim students using dual-identity e-contact.
What is vicarious contact?
Observing positive intergroup interactions in media.
What limits the effectiveness of vicarious contact?
Media reinforcement of stereotypes.
How do direct and indirect contact strategies differ?
Direct involves face-to-face interaction; indirect uses media or third-party connections.
Which strategy is more effective for young people?
Direct contact due to greater receptiveness to new experiences.
What is a key limitation of indirect contact strategies?
Less impact in highly segregated societies.
How do extended and imagined contact complement each other?
Extended provides real-world connections; imagined prepares for positive encounters.
What structural factors enhance contact strategies’ success?
Institutional backing and inclusive norms.
Why must systemic factors be addressed alongside contact strategies?
To ensure long-term changes beyond individual attitudes.
