W8 - Intergroup Bias

Question 1

Define intergroup bias.

Answer 1

Unfair evaluative, emotional, or behavioral response disadvantaging outgroups.

Question 2

What are the three components of intergroup bias?

Answer 2

Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination.

Question 3

What does stereotyping in intergroup bias refer to?

Answer 3

Cognitive beliefs about group characteristics.

Question 4

How is prejudice defined in the context of intergroup bias?

Answer 4

Emotional attitudes based on group membership.

Question 5

What constitutes discrimination in intergroup bias?

Answer 5

Actions that treat people differently due to group identity.

Question 6

Name a tool for measuring implicit bias.

Answer 6

Implicit Association Task (IAT).

Question 7

How does the IAT measure implicit stereotypes?

Answer 7

By recording faster responses to stereotypical pairings.

Question 8

What are the key challenges of measuring intergroup bias?

Answer 8

Validity of self-reports and capturing implicit biases.

Question 9

What personality trait is linked to Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)?

Answer 9

Low openness to experience.

Question 10

What does Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) measure?

Answer 10

Preference for social inequality between groups.

Question 11

How does stereotype suppression aim to reduce bias?

Answer 11

By actively inhibiting stereotypic thoughts.

Question 12

What is the rebound effect in stereotype suppression?

Answer 12

Increased accessibility of suppressed stereotypes later.

Question 13

What is the Self-Regulation Model in bias reduction?

Answer 13

Repeated control of prejudice to develop automatic responses.

Question 14

Name one effective habit-breaking strategy to reduce prejudice.

Answer 14

Stereotype replacement with factual information.

Question 15

What did the study using Black-White IAT show about habit-breaking?

Answer 15

Decrease in implicit and explicit bias over time.

Question 16

How do social media interventions address bias?

Answer 16

By publicly criticizing racist posts to deter prejudice.

Question 17

What are the limitations of social media interventions?

Answer 17

Effects are short-lived and context-dependent.

Question 18

What is the Contact Hypothesis by Allport (1954)?

Answer 18

Bias decreases through structured intergroup interactions under optimal conditions.

Question 19

What are the four optimal conditions in Allport’s Contact Hypothesis?

Answer 19

Equal status, cooperative goals, acquaintance potential, institutional support.

Question 20

How does cooperation on common goals reduce bias?

Answer 20

By fostering interdependence and teamwork.

Question 21

What role does acquaintance potential play in bias reduction?

Answer 21

It enables personalization, reducing stereotypes.

Question 22

How does institutional support enhance intergroup contact?

Answer 22

By legitimizing and normalizing interactions.

Question 23

What did meta-analyses find about direct contact effectiveness?

Answer 23

It significantly reduces prejudice across diverse groups.

Question 24

What are the critiques of direct contact strategies?

Answer 24

Limited in segregated contexts and reliance on cross-sectional studies.

Question 25

What is extended contact in reducing bias?

Answer 25

Knowing an ingroup member who has outgroup friends.

Question 26

What mechanism in extended contact reduces prejudice?

Answer 26

Cognitive dissonance when disliking a friend’s friend.

Question 27

What is parasocial contact in intergroup bias reduction?

Answer 27

Positive portrayals of outgroup members in media.

Question 28

How did Harry Potter stories influence children’s attitudes toward immigrants?

Answer 28

Improved perceptions when identifying with positive characters.

Question 29

Define imagined contact.

Answer 29

Visualizing positive interactions with outgroup members.

Question 30

How effective is imagined contact in reducing bias?

Answer 30

Moderate effect, most successful when vivid and detailed.

Question 31

What is e-contact in intergroup relations?

Answer 31

Online communication fostering dialogue between groups.

Question 32

What study showed the impact of e-contact on intergroup bias?

Answer 32

Reduced bias in Christian and Muslim students using dual-identity e-contact.

Question 33

What is vicarious contact?

Answer 33

Observing positive intergroup interactions in media.

Question 34

What limits the effectiveness of vicarious contact?

Answer 34

Media reinforcement of stereotypes.

Question 35

How do direct and indirect contact strategies differ?

Answer 35

Direct involves face-to-face interaction; indirect uses media or third-party connections.

Question 36

Which strategy is more effective for young people?

Answer 36

Direct contact due to greater receptiveness to new experiences.

Question 37

What is a key limitation of indirect contact strategies?

Answer 37

Less impact in highly segregated societies.

Question 38

How do extended and imagined contact complement each other?

Answer 38

Extended provides real-world connections; imagined prepares for positive encounters.

Question 39

What structural factors enhance contact strategies' success?

Answer 39

Institutional backing and inclusive norms.

Question 40

Why must systemic factors be addressed alongside contact strategies?

Answer 40

To ensure long-term changes beyond individual attitudes.