W4 - Emotional Intelligence

Question 1

What is Emotional Intelligence (EI) as defined by Salovey and Mayer (1990)?

Answer 1

The ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and use emotions effectively in oneself and others.

Question 2

How does Goleman (2000) define Emotional Intelligence?

Answer 2

EI as a set of emotional competencies that can be learned and developed at any age.

Question 3

What are the key abilities involved in Mayer and Salovey’s definition of EI?

Answer 3

Perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions.

Question 4

What is incremental validity in psychology?

Answer 4

The extent to which a new measure predicts outcomes above and beyond existing measures.

Question 5

Why is incremental validity important for Emotional Intelligence research?

Answer 5

It shows whether EI explains additional variance in behaviors or outcomes not accounted for by general intelligence (g) or personality traits.

Question 6

What evidence supports the incremental validity of EI?

Answer 6

Studies show EI contributes uniquely to predicting job performance, academic success, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 7

How does the ability model of EI conceptualize Emotional Intelligence?

Answer 7

EI as emotion-related cognitive abilities measured through objective tests with right or wrong answers (e.g., MSCEIT).

Question 8

What is the trait model of EI, according to Petrides and Furnham (2001)?

Answer 8

EI as a set of self-perceived emotional abilities and traits measured via self-report questionnaires like TEIQue.

Question 9

How does Ability EI differ from Trait EI in measurement?

Answer 9

Ability EI uses performance-based measures (e.g., MSCEIT), while Trait EI relies on subjective self-report tools (e.g., TEIQue).

Question 10

What is the main theoretical difference between Ability EI and Trait EI?

Answer 10

Ability EI aligns with cognitive processes and general intelligence (g), while Trait EI aligns with personality traits like empathy and optimism.

Question 11

How does Goleman’s mixed model of EI bridge Ability and Trait perspectives?

Answer 11

It integrates emotional competencies from both models to emphasize real-world applicability.

Question 12

What evidence supports Ability EI’s role in predicting outcomes?

Answer 12

Mayer and Salovey’s research shows Ability EI correlates moderately with cognitive intelligence (g) and predicts emotion management tasks.

Question 13

What evidence supports Trait EI’s role in predicting outcomes?

Answer 13

Meta-analyses show strong correlations between Trait EI and personality traits like Neuroticism (-0.58) and Extraversion (0.47).

Question 14

How do high Trait EI levels affect academic performance under pressure?

Answer 14

High Trait EI moderates stress, reducing pressure’s negative effects on performance.

Question 15

What workplace evidence supports Trait EI over Ability EI?

Answer 15

Studies like Côté and Miners (2006) show Trait EI enhances job performance for employees with low cognitive intelligence.

Question 16

How does training improve Ability EI?

Answer 16

Programs like the Mayer-Salovey model improve emotion perception and regulation (e.g., Herpertz et al., 2016).

Question 17

How can high EI lead to manipulative behavior?

Answer 17

High EI individuals may use emotional knowledge for Machiavellian purposes, such as deception or exploitation.

Question 18

What is the Dunning-Kruger effect in the context of EI?

Answer 18

Low-EI individuals overestimate their abilities, leading to poor judgment and maladaptive behavior.

Question 19

How might high EI impair judgment in social contexts?

Answer 19

High EI individuals may misinterpret distress cues as genuine when they are deceptive.

Question 20

What does evidence say about EI and delinquency?

Answer 20

High EI has been linked to increased likelihood of engaging in manipulative or antisocial behavior.

Question 21

How is wisdom defined in psychological research?

Answer 21

Wisdom involves intellectual humility, emotional regulation, perspective-taking, and social and moral reasoning.

Question 22

What are the key components of wisdom?

Answer 22

Broader perspective-taking, self-reflection, intellectual humility, and awareness of social dynamics.

Question 23

How does wisdom relate to intelligence and EI?

Answer 23

Wisdom integrates elements of both, using emotional regulation (EI) and cognitive reasoning (intelligence) for ethical decision-making.

Question 24

What did Grossman et al. (2016) find about wisdom in situational contexts?

Answer 24

Wisdom varies more by situation than by stable traits, highlighting the importance of context.

Question 25

How does wisdom differ from EI?

Answer 25

While EI focuses on emotional competencies, wisdom includes moral reasoning and concern for others.

Question 26

What role does psychometric testing play in measuring EI?

Answer 26

It uses maximum-performance tests for Ability EI and typical-performance tests for Trait EI.

Question 27

Why is measuring EI challenging?

Answer 27

EI involves both cognitive and emotional processes, which may overlap with intelligence and personality.

Question 28

What are the four branches of Ability EI in the Mayer-Salovey model?

Answer 28

Perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions.

Question 29

How does high Trait EI act as a buffer in high-pressure situations?

Answer 29

It reduces stress and enhances coping mechanisms, leading to better performance.

Question 30

What is the relationship between EI and academic or workplace success?

Answer 30

EI complements cognitive intelligence, enhancing performance through interpersonal and emotional regulation skills.