W8 Flashcards
What is a nucleotide?
A monomer of DNA that consists of a sugar, a base and a phosphate group
What is the sugar in DNA technically?
2’ deoxyribose because the chemical group projecting downwards from the 2’ carbon is H-
Why is the phosphate group that is attached to the 5’ carbon have a negative charge?
Becuase of free hydroxyl groups attached to the phosphorus atom are ionized by the loss of a proton.
True or false DNA is a mild acid
True
Where us the base attached on the sugar?
1’ carbon
What is the name of he bond which connects one nucleotide to the next, and what type of bond is it?
Phosphodiester bond, which is a covalent bond (connects C-O-P-O-C)
What characteristic does the phosphodiester bonds give the DNA?
Polarity
What indicates whether the end is 5’ or 3’?
5’ has a free phosphate head and 3’ has a hydroxyl
How many base pairs are there per turn?
10
What is the diameter of a DNA molecule?
2nm
What are the major and minor grooves?
The outside contours of the twisted strands
What is the purpose of major and minor grooves?
Allow proteins that interact with DNA to make contact with bases via the grooves
What does anti-parallel mean?
The DNA strands run in opposite direction 1.5’-3’ 2.3’-5’
What are the two structures that a base could be?
Purine or a pyrimidine.
Why are bases paired as a purine and pyrimidine?
To preserve the distance between the backbones. two purines= too bulged and 2 pyrimidines= too narrow