Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO1011 > W6 > Flashcards

W6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main purposes of cell division?

A
  • Growth
  • Cell Replacement
  • Repair(heal)
  • Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Binary fission is the form of cell division used by bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are three key characteristics that allow bacteria cells to reproduce via binary fission?

A
  • The circular bacterial DNA is attached by proteins to the inner membranes
  • DNA replication begins at a specific location and proceeds bidirectionally around the circle
  • The newly synthesised DNA is also attached to the inner membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are the three characteristic important to binary fission?

A

As replication proceeds, the cell elongates symmetrically around the midpoint, separating the DNA attachment sites
Cell division begins with the synthesis of new membrane at the midpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the steps of the cell cycle?

A
  • M-phase

- Interphase (time between two M-phases) Contains G-phase 1, S-phase and G-phase 2, G0-phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs during the M-Phase?

A
  • Mitosis and cytokinesis

- Parent cell divides into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What occurs in the G1-phase?

A
  • Size and protein content of the cell increases

- Regulator proteins are made and activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs in the S-phase?

A

-Where the entire DNA content of the nucleus in replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occurs in the G2-phase?

A

-The cell prepares for mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs in the G0 phase?

A
  • No activate preparation for cell division

- In cell types do not actively dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

The two ends of DNA chromosomes that occur after S phase from DNA replication they are held together by centromeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

A
  • Prophase
  • Prometaphase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
  • Cytokinesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs during Prophase?

A

The chromosomes condense. Centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite pole. The nuclear envelope breaks down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What occurs during Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs during Anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during Telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes condense

17
Q

What occurs during Cytokinesis? (animal)

A

The contractile ring forms against the inner face of the cell membrane at the equator of the cell. The ring contracts pinching the cytoplasm dividing the one cell into two

18
Q

What occurs during Cytokinesis?(plant)

A

A new cell wall is formed called the cell plate, once it is big enough, it fuses with the original cell wall. separating the newly formed cells

19
Q

What cells do Meiosis occur?

A

Germline cells

20
Q

What are the stages of Meiosis?

A

Meiosis 1

  • Prophase 1
  • Metaphase 1
  • Anaphase 1
  • Telophase 1
21
Q

What occurs in Prophase 1?

A
  • Chromosomes condense and thicken
  • Homologous chromosomes move closer together
  • Cross over occurs
  • DNA recombination occurs(Exchange genetic information)
  • Nuclear membrane brakes down and centrosomes radiate and migrate to opposite poles
  • Spindle fibres attach to kitecal protein complex
22
Q

What occurs in Metaphase 1?

A

-Paired chromosomes are pulled to the middle of the cell by the spindle fibres

23
Q

What occurs in Anaphase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled away from each other by spindle fibres

24
Q

What occurs in Telophase 1?

A

The nuclear envelope reforms around the two groups of chromosomes

25
Q

What occurs during cytokinesis 1?

A
  • Spitting of the cytoplasm

- Duplication of centrosomes

26
Q

What occurs during Prophase 2?

A
  • Sister chromatids separate

- Chromosomes attach to the spindle apparatus

27
Q

What occurs during Metaphase 2?

A

-The chromosomes are pulled to the middle

28
Q

What occurs during Anaphase 2?

A
  • The kinetic proteins that held the 2 sister chromatids together are now degraded
  • The sister chromatids area pulled away to separate sides of the cell
29
Q

What occurs during Telophase 2?

A

-The nuclear envelope reappears and the cell divides again

30
Q

What occurs during Cytokinesis 2?

A

-The cytoplasm is fully separated again

31
Q

What cells divide through binary fission?

A

Mainly bacteria and archaea

32
Q

What also divide by binary fission in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Chloroplast, mitochondria

33
Q

What is the purpose of the gene FtsZ, in binary fission?

A

It encodes for a specific protein, that in high concentration assembles and forms a ring at the site of constriction, where the new cell walls forms between the two new daughter cells.

34
Q

What is the role of MAD1?

A

To check that the spindle fibres have attached to the sister chromatids properly

BIO1011 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions