W7: Org psych Flashcards
Org Psych vs other psych
Org psych is an applied psychology, meaning organisational psychologists are specilists, and are often employed in consulting firms in businesses, goverment universities.
Social psych is more general and cog psych has generalities.
Org psych focus on a context
Why is there a need for org psychologist?
We spend about a third of out life working.
Work environment can potentially ignite psychological health problems, leading to indirect costs such as time off work, decreased staff turnover, reduced productivity
The significant of org psych
Org psychologists aim to develop strategies and create envrionment that will prevent deterioration in psychological ehalth
How do org psychologists prevent the deteriroration of mental health?
By addressing a range of work related topics:
- Job demands
- Violence and aggression at work
- Bullying
- Harassment
- Conflict
- Traumatic events
Areas that org psych can control
- Coaching and wellness
- Psychosocial health
- Rehab
- Counselling
- Recuitment and selection
- Learning and development
- User experience
- Talent management
- Accent investigation
- Risk assessment
What was the main idea of James Cattell’s scientific practitioner model??
There were little scientific rules that allow predictions, thus the more we can measure, the more we predict causality
A data driven systems, lack of theory was a caveat
Contradictory to the current world where data drives theory
What are the key people and their associated discoveries during Industrialisation in 1910?
- Hugo Munsterberg
- Focus on industrial efficiency and safety
- Finding the right people for the job
- Developed a stimulation system –> like a job trial - James Cattell
- Quantitative and objective assessment of indivdual differences
- The scientific practitioner model, which relied heavily on data and was critisised for lack of theory - Frederick Taylor
- The Principles of Scientifc Management; systematic study and analysis of work process, aiming to increase efficiencies
* Time and motion study: Breaking larger tasks to more simpler tasks and combine them to achieve effciencies; Established standardised work procedures through this
- Critised in the Person-Organisation fit
What was the common interst of Walter Bingham and Walte Dill Scott?
During WWI (1914 - 1918), Walter Dill Scott worked together with Walter Bingham to find replacements for the USA troops. They were both intersted in the psychology of why people do things they do, rather than James Cattell’s quantitative approach.
They were intersted in developing theoretical perspectives that led to the understanding of motivation
The Great Depression 1930s
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
A psychological phenomenon which individuals modify the behaviour and performance, typically for the better, in response to the awareness of being observed
The Great Depression 1930s
What is the Placebo Effect?
A phenomenon which a person experiences a real improvement in their condition or symptoms, not because of the treatment itself, but rather the person’s belief or expectation that the treatment will work
The Great Depression 1930s
How is The Placebo Effect an example of the Hawthorne Effect?
Potentially, individuals may change their behaviour or report imporved symptoms when they know they are being closely monitored
The heightened attention and awareness of being observed may lead to an enhanced placebo effect
WWII 1938-1945
Leadership as a trait
- Nature
- Has a predisposition towards a syle of leadership
- Leadership can be evaluated
- Leadership style is relatively stable across the dimensions of:
- Intelliegence
- Agressivessness
- Decisiveness
- Dominance
WWII 1938-1945
Leadership as a state
- Nurture
- Style of leadership is governed by the demands of the sutation
- Leadershp should be evaluted in terms of particular situation
- Leadership style is relatively unstable
Economic expansion 1960s
What was the approach to reduction in motivation to work?
- Ensuring approapriate competencies (Ability)
- Providing a support, encourging and managable work environment
- Using motivators such as:
- Appreaciation for work done
- Intersting work
- Good wages and job security
The Goal Setting Theory
* Goals and target enable motivation
* The need to consider:
* Feedback
* Setting specific goals
* Setting difficutl goals
Economic Consolidation 1970s
The P-O Fit
Person Organisation Fit
- Compatibility or alignment between an individual and the organisation they work for
- Takes into consideration of:
* Personlity
* Cognitive ability
* Knowledge
* Skills
* Attitudes
