W7 Exercise & Hunger

Question 1

• What is appetite?

- What factors affect appetite?

Answer 1

• It is the desire to eat
• There are psychological & external factors
• Smell
• Sight
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Learned
• Situational

Question 2

What is hunger?

Answer 2

• It is the desire to eat
  1. Central
• Hypothalamus (important)
• Vagus nerve
  2. Peripheral
• Blood glucose
• Hormones

Question 3

• What is a Gut hormone that increases hunger?

- Are there higher or lower levels in obese people?

Answer 3

• Ghrelin
• It is the only Orexigenic hormone outside the hypothalamus (stimulates appetite outside the brain)
• There are lower levels of Ghrelin in obese people

Question 4

• What is a hormone that decreases hunger?

- Is the hormone more likely to be defective in obese people or normal people?

Answer 4

• Leptin
• Leptin is produced in adipose tissues
• It stimulates the release of melanocyte
• Obese people are more likely to have defective leptin

Question 5

Can you name the 5 most common gut hormones?

Answer 5

1. CCK (cholecystokinin)
2. PP (Pancreatic Polypeptide)
3. PPY (Polypeptide YY)
4. GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptide 1)
5. OXM (Oxyntomodulin)

Question 6

Can you describe CCK (cholecystokinin)?

Answer 6

• This hormone suppresses the urge to eat

- Causes gall bladder to release bile

Question 7

Can you describe PP (Pancreatic Polypeptide)?

Answer 7

• It is release from the pancreas
• Increases post food intake
• Acts on the hypothalamus

Question 8

Can you describe PYY (Polypeptide YY)?

Answer 8

• It’s in the Ileum & Colon
• It suppresses appetite (if you fasted = very low)
• Increased when you eat even before hitting large intestine
• Reduces gut motility

Question 9

Can you describe GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptide 1)?

Answer 9

• It’s located in the Small Intestine & Colon
• It promotes weight loss (peripheral / central admin)
• Proportional to energy intake –> increase energy intake = increase release

Question 10

Can you describe OXM (Oxyntomodulin)?

Answer 10

• It is co-released with GLP-1

- Proportional to energy intake

Question 11

Can you name the 3 additional hormones and give a brief summary of what they do?

Answer 11

1. Adiponectin
   - Energy homeostasis
   - Increases with obesity & decreases with weight loss
2. Insulin
   - Stimulates leptin release
   - Stores TAG
3. Glucocorticoids
   - Released from adrenal glands
   - Deficiency = anorexia
   - Excess = hyperphagia
   - Abnormal increase appetite + food intake