W3 B Digestion Marco-nutrient / Chemical

Question 1

Polysaccharides, Trisaccharides & Disaccharides must be hydrolysed because…

Answer 1

The body can only absorb Monosaccharides.

Question 2

Collectively enzymes are…

Answer 2

Glycosides or carbohydrates

Question 3

Monosaccharides & a few Disaccharides are absorbed into the cell and are facilitated by what? (the Diffusion & Sodium)

Answer 3

Facilitated with Sodium:
- SGLT1: Glucose & galactose
(Sodium dependent)
Facilitated with diffusion:
- GLUT 2
- GLUT 5

Question 4

Where does protein digestion occur?

Answer 4

1. Mouth 
(None)
2. Oesophagus
(None)
3. Stomach 
(15%)
4. Small Intestine - pepsin stopped in SI
(50% food, 25% gut secretions, 25% epithelial cells)

Question 5

Protein absorption : Amino acids are absorbed into…

Answer 5

…capillaries.

Via: Sodium dependent transport & Diffusion

Question 6

Digestion of fat –> Bile Salts: What are the lipid components of the diet:

Answer 6

• Triacylglyerols
• Phospholipids
• Sterols

Question 7

Digestion of fat –> Bile Salts: What are the enzymes involved?

Answer 7

• Esterase’s:
  1. Lipase
  2. Phospholipase
  3. Cholesterol Esterase

Question 8

Fat Absorption: Where do SCFA’s (Short Chain Fatty Acid) go once they’ve gone into the intestine?

Answer 8

Enters intestinal wall & diffuses onto portal vein to bind with albumin

Question 9

HCL (Hydrogen Chloride) breaks down the structure of what macronutrient?

Answer 9

Protein (during digestion)

Question 10

Where does fats/triglyceride digestion occur in the body?

Answer 10

• Stomach and SI

Lingual lipase is injected in the mouth

Question 11

What lipids are in our diets?

Answer 11

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Sterols

Question 12

Fat Absorption: What happens to LCFA’s (Long Chain Fatty Acid) after they have entered the SI?

Answer 12

• Michelle (circular balls) move into the space between Microvilli (these are in the SI)
• FA then diffuse across membrane