W2 A Energy Concepts

Question 1

Whats the Turnover Concept?

Answer 1

• Molecules are constantly used & restored
• 1st Law of Thermodynamics
  E.g. Energy or ATP
• Requiring energy for some processes & releasing energy for other processes.

Question 2

ATP stands for =

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

ATP breakdown releases… mmol per kg of muscle.

Answer 3

6 mmol

Question 4

What type of exercise releases the most mmol of ATP per kg of muscle?

Answer 4

Maximal Isometric Contraction with 12.0 mmol.

Question 5

Skeletal Muscle has three main systems to maintain ATP homeostasis. Name all three.

Answer 5

1. ATP intercellular supply (doesn’t last long)
2. PCr System (regenerates ATP)
3. Adenylate Kinase Reaction (regenerates ATP)

Question 6

Name 2 Immediate Energy Systems.

Answer 6

1. PCr System

2. Myokinase Reaction

Question 7

Changes in adenylates (ATP, ADP & AMP) determines the … in the cell?

Answer 7

It determines the energy charge of the cell.

Question 8

What’s the normal charge of a cell?

Answer 8

0.9-0.95 (high energy charge)

Question 9

What will the Purine Nucleotide Cycle reduce?

Answer 9

It reduces the amount of ATP allowing exercise to continue.

Question 10

What are the different concepts of the Integration of Energy Pathways?

Answer 10

• The “Old Concept” (which isn’t true)

- The “New Concept” (the correct pathway)

Question 11

What’s the difference between Fuel Sources & Energy Sources?

Answer 11

• Fuel Sources = Can be depleted (PCr or CHO)

- Energy Sources = Are regulated and cannot be depleted (ATP, GTP & UTP)

Question 12

• What is the gold standard measurement of energy expenditure in a human?

Answer 12

• Doubly labelled water is the best at measuring energy expenditure in humans
• However, it is expensive