W7 - Anaerobic Fitness & Muscle Strength Flashcards
List the determinants of anaerobic performance in children and adolescents
Muscle fibre type
Muscle mass
Glycolytic enzyme activities
Hormonal response
Neuro-motor
Energy substrates
What is the most popular anaerobic test?
Friction-brakes Wingate
Other lab based anaerobic fitness tests
Force-velocity
Isokinetic cycle ergometers
What has cycle ergometry helped researchers do?
Assess external ST power output
Mean power
Fatigue
Is there a ‘gold standard’ test for anaerobic performance
NO
Overview of the force-velocity test
Short maximal pedal sprints lasting 5-7s over a range of different braking forces.
What can be identified from a force-velocity test
Peak power
Optimal pedal rate
What happens to children anaerobic performance with age?
Increases
What have anaerobic tests required to infer anaerobic metabolism?
Mechanical power
Children & adolescents vs adults - anaerobic power
Irrespective of absolute, ratio or allometric scaling, children + adolescents have lower anaerobic power
What is the effect of maturation status usually rendered to when longitudinal assessment of stature, mass + skin fold measures are account for?
Non-sig
For what is there a clear age dependent effect of children and anaerobic fitness
Impact of maturation on the glycolytic activity of children remains unclear but there is a clear age dependent effect.
A higher increase of peak power with age in boys over girls has been found significant.
What might the gender difference be explained by?
NM determinants of contraction velocity
What confers lower anaerobic capacity in children?
Lower muscle strength related to fibre growth.
Factors for why it could be that children have a great fatigue resistance during high-intensity intermittent exercise compared to adults
Higher muscle oxidative activity
Shorter muscle/capillary diffusion distance
Higher content of type 1 fibres
Smaller muscle mass
Lower impairment in NM activation
What have studies indicated with regards to isokinetic strength?
Increases with age
What does physiological cross-section area depend on?
Pinnation angle
If force (strength) increases at a rate greater than body size, what is likely to be influential?
Size-independent factors
What should muscle force be scaled to?
Height^2
aCSA^1
BM^0.67
What accounts for the large increase in strength post PHV in boys?
Testosterone
Round et al 1999
Determinants of muscle strength
Body size
Biomechanic factors
NM factors
Determinants of muscle strength
What comes under NM factors
Motor unit activation
Rate of force development
Mechanisms behind age-related increase in muscle strength
Motor unit recruitment
Rate of muscle activation
What happens when corrected for aCSA?
Age effects remain
Sex differences become diminished
