W3 - Trainability of the Youth Athlete Flashcards
Katch’s Trigger Hypothesis
Predicts that there will only be small training-induced biological alterations present pre-pubertally because of the lack of hormonal control…
Post-puberty exercise induced changes are well documented + follow predictable patterns.
- Has now been disproved.
Katch’s hypothesis involved having the right “hormonal soup”
What did this include
Genetic potential (Genes)
Functional changes (growth, size, body composition)
Puberty (Hormone control)
Organic adaptations (CV, skeletal, muscular, nervous + respiratory)
Superior Performance
Why is peak VO2 measured a lot in paediatric literature?
Sets functional upper limit of body to deliver + utilise O2 for physical exercise
Related to CV risk factors + diseases prognosis in children – Good health marker
Exercise prescription/effects of training
Determinant of endurance performance
Ease of measurement in standard labs
What is NOT the reason for why there are significant differences between age-related + sex-related changes in peak VO2?
Body mass
Trained children + peak VO2
When appropriately modelled, trained boys + girls peak VO2 increases with age.
Still, question remains…
Is this due to normal growth + maturation or training?
Why do trained young people have a superior VO2 peak to their untrained counterpart?
Cardiac output should be considered for this
Are training induced increases in peak VO2 evident for young athletes?
Yes
Irrespective of growth + maturation
What may contribute to higher peak VO2 in trained youth?
Increased peripheral O2 utilisation
Why do trained youth demonstrate faster peak vo2 kinetics compared to untrained?
Due to central + perisperhal adaptations
Trained children demonstrate what to be occurring at higher intensities that untrained peers?
LT + GE threshold
List some limitations of using cross-sectional designs + their outcomes
Is nature or nurture the cause?
Adequate control group is not always present.
Training programme isn’t always described, volume not standardised or objectively quantified.
What is the major determinant of the rise in peak VO2 during growth + maturation?
Stroke volume
What explains the 9-15% increase in peak VO2 in children after a 13 week cycling training programme?
Concomitant rise in SV (11-15%)
What are the key parameters that can be used to test the influence of training on aerobic fitness?
Peak VO2/VO2 max
LT or GE threshold
Exercise economy
VO2 kinetics
What are the key parameters that can be used to test the influence of training on anaerobic fitness?
Peak power
Mean power
Fatigue index
(McNarry, Welsman, & Jones, 2010a; Rowland, Bougault et al., 2009; Rowland, Garrard et al., 2009).
Recent studies show that pre-pubertal & pubertal children do demonstrate training-induced increases in peak VO2
The extent to which, remains controversial but a meta-analysis suggests an increase of 5-6% is typical in children (Baquet, Van Praagh, & Berthoin, 2003).
Meta-analysis reported that training interventions must involve …….for an influence of training status to be manifested (Baquet et al., 2003).
High exercise intensities (>80% peak HR)
Exercise economy
Steady state O2 uptake required at a given absolute exercise intensity
What did Astrand (1952) report?
That younger children + girls to have a lower running economy values than older children + boys, respectively.
SV + [HHb] response patterns
Influenced by training status
What does Overreaching result in?
ST performance decrements in which restoration make take days to weeks
What does overtraining result in?
LT decrement in performance
Restoration might take several weeks to months
Continuum of overtraining syndrome
Recovered
Functional overreaching
Non-functional overreaching
Overtraining Syndrome
Active Burn out
Burn out
How can OTS (Overtraining syndrome) be monitored
HR
HRV
Biochemical markers
Blood lactate
Immune response
Profile of Mood States (POMS)
