w6

Question 1

T or false

general trust in science and trust in science on specifict topics is declining

Answer 1

false, genera trust in science is high but trust in science on specific topics is not (global warming, sunscream….)

Question 2

is the distrust in science based on (lack of) information or deology

Answer 2

not fully clear mixed evidence
- depends on the topic
- meta analysis suggest that motivation and ideology play a more substantive role
- some evidence that knowledge has an oposite effect - more polarization

Question 3

T or F

same predictors predict different type of science skepticism

Question 4

what predicted climate change conservatism in NL and US

Answer 4

Political conservatism

Question 4

what kind of science skepticicsmdid spirituality predict in the NL

Answer 4

Vaccine skepticism (in US - religiosity)
GM skepticism (in US Scientific literacy)
Evolution skepticism (in US Scientific literacy)
Faith in science (in US - religiosity)

Question 4

what was the main predictor of different sciences skepticm in the NL

Answer 4

sprituality

Question 4

what are some main points about science skepticism and its predictiors

Answer 4

Levels of skepticism are heterogeneous across countries (e.g., Egypt vs Australia)
* But also within countries (e.g., France, Turkey, Brazil) Predictors of skepticism are heterogenous across domains
* (and relatively constant across countries)
Spirituality
* Remarkably consistent relation with faith in science

Question 4

how is US an exception when it comes to science attitudes

Answer 4

usualy wealthier nations tend to be less religious

Question 4

is spiritualitzy or religiosity a better preictor of general distrust in science

Answer 4

spirituality
both sig correlated with general faith in science but spirituality more strongly correlated

Question 5

what are 2 key aspects of spirituality

Answer 5

2 key aspects of spirituality,
subjective experience, intuitive epistemiology

Question 5

what is spirituality

Answer 5

“Belief system characterized by emphasis on subjective experience and the “deepest values and meanings by which people live“, incorporating personal growth or transformation, usually in a context
separate from organized religious institutions.”
* Spirituality characterized by intuitive epistemology -
Note. 25-33% of Dutch population self-identifies as moderately to highly spiritual

Question 6

what is it about spitituality that makes it hard to rely on science

Answer 6

science is counterintuitive and spirituality is all about intuition, what you believe is true..

Question 7

what is the naturalistic falacy and how does it tie in with attitudes towards science

Answer 7

science often seems unatural and violates the naturalistic falacy that states everything that is natural is good

Question 8

what are the 2 antecedents of attitudes towards science

Answer 8

1. deological/worldview antecedents
   - hard to change!
2. Reliance on intuition
   - increasingly valued and used
   - problem for science?
   - Can polarization of science attitudes be reduced

Question 9

how does jiu jitstu persuasion deal with attitudes towards science

Answer 9

1. we first identifiy underlying root causes of persons anti-science attitudes
2. then we develop messages to counter the anti-science attitude that are consistent with the underlying root causes
3. lastly we use the messages in a non judgemental and non-adverserial way to change the persons anti science attitudes

Question 10

T or F

50% of ppl say they know little abt sciernce and 20% excluded from its benefits

Answer 10

T

Question 11

what is psychological distance and what are the 4 aspects of it

Answer 11

psychological distance is how paychilogically close or far do people percieve objects, concepts, events
there are 4 aspects of psychologocal distance
1. Spatial - Science is visible in the local community
2. Temporal - Science is relevant to the present time
3. Social - Scientists are accessible and similar
4. Hypothetical - Science is useful and applicable to the real world

Question 12

what does psychological distance have to do with attitudes toward science

Answer 12

the more people percieve science as distant the more sceptical are they abot science