W5- L1- Seed rate for cereal crops

Question 1

what is the aim for seed rate for cereal crops

Answer 1

the aim is to achieve an ideal population of plants-which will lead to an optimum number of ears at harvest time

Question 2

what is the plant population determined by? (4)

Answer 2

• seed vigour and germination%
• time of sowing, seedbed condition, sowing
• pests and diseases -seed disease / pest feeding
• climate and weather -winterkill etc.

Question 3

Factors affecting Seeding Rate (4)

Answer 3

• Desired final plant population
• usually expressed as plants/m
• Expected field losses
• Time of sowing
• Soil conditions
• Bird damage / pest damage
• Seed quality
• % germination
• Seed borne diseases
• Seed dressing ‘dressed seed’
• Number of seeds/m 2
• Seed size (1000 seed (grain) weight

Question 4

slide 8/9

Question 5

what does larger seed size mean

Answer 5

higher seeding rate

Question 6

Actual seeding rate
- Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2)
- Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g)
- Seeding kg/ha

Answer 6

• Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2): 200
• Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) : 50
• Seeding kg/ha: 100

Question 7

Actual seeding rate
- Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2)
- Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g)
- Seeding kg/ha

Answer 7

• Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2): 400
• Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) : 60
• Seeding kg/ha: 240

Question 8

what is the aver plant stand

Answer 8

80-100 plants/m2

Question 9

what % of expected yield can an average plant stand of 80-100 plants/m2 can give

Answer 9

90-95%

Question 10

what does low plant populations usually result from

Answer 10

factors which are not uniform in
nature

Question 11

what are the factors which are not uniform in nature because of low plant population

Answer 11

• pest damage : slugs / leatherjackets
• bird damage : crows on ‘winter’ sowings
• wet and cold seedbeds after sowing which affect
  more waterlogged field areas

Question 12

what is the
- seeds/m2
- plants/m2
- ears/m2
for early sowing - higher temp/better seedbed

Answer 12

• seeds/m2: 200
• plants/m2: 150
• ears/m2: 500

Question 13

what is the
- seeds/m2
- plants/m2
- ears/m2
for later sowing - lower temp- poorer seedbed

Answer 13

• seeds/m2 - 400
• plants/m2 - 240
• ears/m2 - 500

Question 14

3 Yield Components in Cereal Crops

Answer 14

Ears/m 2
x
Grains/ear
x
Grain Weight (mean 1,000 grains)

Question 15

what sowing dates are important in producing spring malting
barley with lower grain protein/nitrogen %

Answer 15

March sowing dates

Question 16

are high seed rates of any use in further reducing protein/n%

Answer 16

Higher seed rates >350 seeds/m² appear to be of little use in
further reducing Grain Protein / Grain N% across the
environments in this study

Question 17

What’s the optimum seed/m2 for grain yield and quality

Answer 17

350 seeds/m² optimum for grain yield and quality