W2 - Lecture 2B - Cereal Growth Stages

Question 1

what is each wheat/Barley/Oats plant

Answer 1

Each is a determinate plant

Question 2

what does “ Each is a determinate plant “ mean

Answer 2

i.e. the shoot apex becomes an inflorescence and the change from vegetative to floral determines the number of leaves on the main
stem and tillers.

Question 3

what is each plant influenced by

Answer 3

• day length
• variety
• vernalisation

Question 4

Seedling stages (GS 10-15)

Answer 4

• Seedling
• 10 First leaf through coleoptile
• 11 First Leaf unfolded
• 13 3 leaves unfolded
• 15 5 Leaves unfolded

Question 5

Tillering growth stages (gs21-29)

Answer 5

• Tillering
• 21 Main shoot and 1 Tiller
• 23 Main shoot and 3 Tillers
• 25 Main shoot and 5 Tillers
• 27 Main shoot and 7 Tillers
• 29 Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers

Question 6

Stem elongation growth stages (GS30-30)

Answer 6

Stem elongation
* 30 Ear at 1 cm (pseudo stem erect)
* 31 1st node detectable
* 32 2nd node detectable
* 33 3rd node detectable
* 37 Tip of flag leaf visible
* 39 Flag leaf blade all visible

Question 7

Booting leaf growth stages

Answer 7

• Booting
• 41 Flag leaf sheath extending
• 43 Flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen
• 45 Flag leaf sheath swollen
• 47 Flag leaf sheath opening

Question 8

diagram slide 9

Question 9

definition of stem elongation

Answer 9

Stem elongation- is when the nodes are formed and is also when the key leaves in the crop canopy emerge

Question 10

first 3 nodes at stem elongation stage

• what are the growth stages?
• how many nodes?
• what number leaf emerged?

Answer 10

• GS 31 1st node - fourth last leaf emerges
• GS 32 2nd node - third last leaf emerges
• GS 33 3rd node - second last leaf emerges

Question 11

what GS is most important

Answer 11

39 Flag leaf blade all visible first leaf emerges

Question 12

diagram of GS 30,32,37,39

Question 13

ear emergence growth stages

Answer 13

• Ear emergence
• 51 1st spikelet of ear just emerged
• 55 Half of ear emerged
• 59 Ear completely emerged

Question 14

flowering growth stages

Answer 14

• Flowering
• 61 Start of flowering
• 65 Flowering half-way
• 69 Flowering complete

Question 15

milk development growth stages

Answer 15

• Milk Development
• 71 Grain watery ripe
• 73 Early milk
• 75 Medium milk
• 77 Late milk

Question 16

dough development growth stages

Answer 16

• Dough Development
• 83 Early dough
• 85 Soft dough
• 87 Hard dough

Question 17

ripening growth stages

Answer 17

• Ripening
• 91 Grain hard (difficult to divide with thumbnail)
• 92 Grain hard (not dented by thumbnail)
• 93 Grain loosening in daytime