W5: Head injury Flashcards
What is Seizure Precautions
- Bed close to floor
- Bed rails up at night (physician’s order)
- No baths without assistance
What is Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is sudden damage to the brain caused by a blow (đánh) or jolt (giật) to the head.
Common causes include car or motorcycle crashes, falls, sports injuries, and assaults
what is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 30
Head trauma ( chấn thương đầu)
Males have 2-3 x frequency of brain injury than females, What are main reasons?
Males have 2-3 x frequency of brain injury than females
Due mainly to MOTOR VEHICLE accidents and ASSAULTS (=physical attack)
how many types of Head Injury?
there are 4 types of head injury Scalp injury Skull Fracture Closed Head Injury Open HI (penetrating head injury)
what is Scalp injury (in head injury)
Scalp injury is Breaking of the skin on the head
what is Skull Fracture? (in head injury)
Skull Fracture – Breaking of skull bone (xương sọ)
linear, comminuted, depressed, basilar
what is Closed Head Injury?
Closed Head Injury
- A trauma, brain injury as a result of a blow (=hard hit) to the head
- A sudden violent motion that causes the brain to impact against the skull (hộp sọ).
- NO OBJECT penetrates (xâm nhập) the brain
what is Open HI (penetrating head injury) ?
Open HI (penetrating head injury)
- An object penetrates (xuyên vào) the skull and enters the brain,
- the extent of injury depends on what area of the brain was penetrated.
what is Primary Injury?
Primary Injury is the damage that happens at the time of the impact.
what kinds of primary injury are?
Three kinds of primary injury:
- Contusion / Bruise
- Coup-Contrecoup Injury
- Diffuse Axonal Injury – DAI
what is Contusion / Bruise (bầm tím) (in primary injury?
Contusion / Bruise (bầm tím)
-> Causes swelling (sưng) and/or discoloration at the site where the impact occurred
OR
-> Your brain is not touch your bony skull, if st happen, they hit each other -> damage. (at the area or the areas where the force of the impact)
what is Coup - Contrecoup Injury? (in primary injury)
- damage on both sides:
- A coup injury occurs on the brain directly under the point of impact.
- A contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of the brain from where the impact occurred.
- Coup - Contrecoup Injury are a type of traumatic brain injury that results in the bruising of the brain.
what is Diffuse Axonal Injury – DAI? (in primary injury)
DAI occurs when the brain moves backward and forward quickly inside the skull as a result of acceleration (tăng tốc) and deceleration (giảm tốc) (car accidents, fall…)
Inside the brain, the long connecting fibers (sợi) in the brain called axons are sheared (bị cắt)
(axons ở phần tiếp giáp giữa grey matter và white matter bị cắt hoặc co kéo –> damage)
signs or symptoms of traumatic brain injury???
Concussion Post concussion syndrome Intracerebral Hemorrhage Epidural Hematoma Subdural Hematoma
what are symptoms of Concussion?
Concussion: chấn động
- Temporary (tạm thời) loss of neurological function with no apparent structural damage
- Unconscious (vô thức) for a few seconds to a few minutes
- Behaviours depend on site affected
- Kids admitted to hospital for 24 hours
- Adults go home with instruction sheet
what are symptoms of Post concussion syndrome
Headache, dizzy (chóng mặt), lethargy (hôn mê) irritability cáu gắt anxiety (lo âu) cognitive issues
what are symptoms of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
(chảy máu não) bleed into the brain due to trauma
what are symptoms of Epidural Hematoma ?
Epidural Hematoma (tụ máu ngoài màng cứng)
– bleed ABOVE the dura (màng não)
– rupture of an ARTERY (vỡ động mạch)
– lucid (sáng suốt) then rapid paralysis (tê liệt nhanh), loss of speech, loss of consciousness, coma (hôn mê)
what are symptoms of Subdural Hematoma
bleed BELOW the dura
– rupture of VEINS (vỡ tĩnh mạch)
– slower rate of paralysis, loss of speech, loss of conciousness
Common Causes of Complex Partial in Seizure (động kinh)
Common Causes of Complex Partial
Psychological distress, Neurological conditions, Anxiety, Depression, Extreme stress, Autism (tự kỷ), Damage to brain prior to birth, and Other health conditions related to the brain.
what is Complex Partial?
Complex Partial – Begins in one part of the brain
Common to start in the Temporal Lobe
Staring blankly (nhìn chằm chằm)
Unable to respond
Waking up from sleep abruptly (= suddently)
Lip smacking (chép môi)
Repetitive actions
Enhanced emotions
Behavior in an action such as riding a bicycle
Be unaware of the surroundings
Trying to hurt themselves
Possesses confusion after the end of the complex partial seizure
4 Seizure Classifications
Complex Partial
Focal Awareness Seizures
Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic – Generalized seizures
Absence seizures
what is Focal Awareness Seizures ?
Focal Awareness Seizures
– starts in one area of the brain and the person remains alert and able to interact (tỉnh táo)– Some report feeling “Frozen”
Anybody can get them
More likely in people who have had a head injury, brain infection, stroke, or brain tumor (u não).
Used to be called : Partial Seizure
