W4: MC (Part 4)

Question 1

Type 1 Lung failure
- Pa02
- PaC02
- Mechanism
- Disorders?
- Rx?

Answer 1

• Pa02: Low (<60 mmHg)
• PaC02: normal
• Mechanism: ventilation-perfusion inequality, diffusion abnormality, shunt
• Disorders? Asthma, ILD, COPD, cardiac septal defect
• Rx? 02, CPAP

Question 2

Type 2 Lung failure
- Pa02
- PaC02
- Mechanism
- Disorders?
- Rx?

Answer 2

• Pa02: Low
• PaC02: High (> 45 mmHG)
• Mechanism: Decreased alveolar ventilation
• Disorders: COPD, OSA, hypoventilation, chest wall disorder including respiratory muscle weakness
• Rx: NIV

Question 3

What is spirometry?

Answer 3

• Involves repeated trials where a patient is instructed to breath out as hard and fast as possible.

Question 4

What is the forced expiratory ratio?

Answer 4

FEV1/FVC

Question 5

FVC is…

Answer 5

FVC is the amount of air that can be forcibly expired during a maximal expiration.

Question 6

FEV1 is …..

Answer 6

FEV1 is the amount of air expired during the first second of that maximal expiration.

Question 7

What score for FEV1/FVC is indicative of an obstructive diagnosis?

Answer 7

<0.7%

**if ratio is reduced obstruction is present.

Question 8

When FVC is reduced to what level would it indicate a restrictive presentation?

Answer 8

<80%

Question 9

If both FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 predicted is reduced then it is…

Answer 9

A mixed presentation

Question 10

In patients with FEV1/FVC <0.7
GOLD 1: Mild =

Answer 10

FEV 1 > 80% predicted

Question 11

In patients with FEV1/FVC <0.7
GOLD 2: Moderate =

Answer 11

> 50% and 80% FEV1 predicted

Question 12

In patients with FEV1/FVC <0.7
GOLD 3: Severe =

Answer 12

> 30% and <50 FEV1 predicted

Question 13

In patients with FEV1/FVC <0.7
GOLD 3: Very severe =

Answer 13

FEV1 <30% is predicted