w4 - imaging - pit, thyroid Flashcards
pit gland is found in the __ ___, conneced to brain via __- , closely related to __ __
sella turcica
pituitary stalk
sphenoid sinus
what is found laterally/inferior of pit
laterally - carotid arts
inf - hypo, optic chiasm
‘snow man’ sig n
mass arising from sella, on MRI
thyroid lies anterior to __ and __, and medial to __and __
trachea
oesophagus
common carotids + internal jugs
2 things at risk of injuru during surgery
recurrent larngeal
parathyroid gs
midline neck mass in adults could be
enlarged thyroid g
lymph nodes
thyroglossal cyst (rare in adults)
cystic hygroma (rare in adults)
`thyroid US is used in euthryroid patients with __/__ nodules and hyperthyroid patients with focal __/___ uptake
goitre/palpable
masses/radioisotope
what to expect in radioisotope imaging of thyroiditis
inflammation of thyroid = suppression of uptake - less active
US of adrenal can be used in what patients
older - skinnier
normal shape of adrenal on ct
y shape
Osteoblasts replace the cartilage with osteoid, which mineralises to form bony ___. Trabeculae are loosely packed in the ____ (cancellous bone) but condense towards the ___ (compact bone)
trabeculae
medulla
cortex
where does boone ossify first - diaphysis or epiphysis
diaphysis 1st
bone girth is incr by cells derived from the
periosteum
describe bone abnormality - diffuse and focl
diffuse - lots of bones
focal - single bone/area
typical fracture sites of OP
proximal femur
sacrum and pubic rami
thoracolumbar vertebral bodies
distal radius
if it involves the __ aspect, it is almost certainly not just OP,but instead metastatic disease
posterior
diffuse soft bones could be3
rickets (vitd def)
osteomalacia
pagets disease
iin rickets, it is a vit d deficiency, non-ossification of __ __, bone deformity, pain and growth abnormality, widened __ __, irregular, flsred __
soft osteoid
growth playes
metaphyses
t.f osteomalacia is a vit d deficiency
true
seen in adults
which disease causes incr bone turnover
pagets disease (osteitis deformans)
in pagets, what is seen initially, latterly?
initial - lytic -> well defined lucency
latter - sclerotic
enlarged bone
increased density
coarse trabecular pattern
focal bone can be described as lytic or sclerotic neoplastic involvement, outlineveach
lytic - lysis - bone destrcution
sclerotic - bone formation
lucency desribes an easier which is
less dense darker
