w4 - imaging - pit, thyroid

Question 1

pit gland is found in the __ ___, conneced to brain via __- , closely related to __ __

Answer 1

sella turcica
pituitary stalk
sphenoid sinus

Question 2

what is found laterally/inferior of pit

Answer 2

laterally - carotid arts

inf - hypo, optic chiasm

Question 3

‘snow man’ sig n

Answer 3

mass arising from sella, on MRI

Question 4

thyroid lies anterior to __ and __, and medial to __and __

Answer 4

trachea
oesophagus
common carotids + internal jugs

Question 5

2 things at risk of injuru during surgery

Answer 5

recurrent larngeal

parathyroid gs

Question 6

midline neck mass in adults could be

Answer 6

enlarged thyroid g
lymph nodes
thyroglossal cyst (rare in adults)
cystic hygroma (rare in adults)

Question 7

`thyroid US is used in euthryroid patients with __/__ nodules and hyperthyroid patients with focal __/___ uptake

Answer 7

goitre/palpable

masses/radioisotope

Question 8

what to expect in radioisotope imaging of thyroiditis

Answer 8

inflammation of thyroid = suppression of uptake - less active

Question 9

US of adrenal can be used in what patients

Answer 9

older - skinnier

Question 10

normal shape of adrenal on ct

Answer 10

y shape

Question 11

Osteoblasts replace the cartilage with osteoid, which mineralises to form bony ___. Trabeculae are loosely packed in the ____ (cancellous bone) but condense towards the ___ (compact bone)

Answer 11

trabeculae

medulla

cortex

Question 12

where does boone ossify first - diaphysis or epiphysis

Answer 12

diaphysis 1st

Question 13

bone girth is incr by cells derived from the

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

describe bone abnormality - diffuse and focl

Answer 14

diffuse - lots of bones

focal - single bone/area

Question 15

typical fracture sites of OP

Answer 15

proximal femur
sacrum and pubic rami
thoracolumbar vertebral bodies
distal radius

Question 16

if it involves the __ aspect, it is almost certainly not just OP,but instead metastatic disease

Answer 16

posterior

Question 17

diffuse soft bones could be3

Answer 17

rickets (vitd def)
osteomalacia
pagets disease

Question 18

iin rickets, it is a vit d deficiency, non-ossification of __ __, bone deformity, pain and growth abnormality, widened __ __, irregular, flsred __

Answer 18

soft osteoid

growth playes

metaphyses

Question 19

t.f osteomalacia is a vit d deficiency

Answer 19

true

seen in adults

Question 20

which disease causes incr bone turnover

Answer 20

pagets disease (osteitis deformans)

Question 21

in pagets, what is seen initially, latterly?

Answer 21

initial - lytic -> well defined lucency

latter - sclerotic
enlarged bone
increased density
coarse trabecular pattern

Question 22

focal bone can be described as lytic or sclerotic neoplastic involvement, outlineveach

Answer 22

lytic - lysis - bone destrcution

sclerotic - bone formation

Question 23

lucency desribes an easier which is

Answer 23

less dense darker