w3 - sodium and water balance Flashcards
which hormone controls water balance
Anti-diuretic hormone
anti-diuretic = anti-pee
ADH causes water to be reabsorbed from the __ ___, high levels produces ___ volume of conc. urine. Concentrated urine indicates __ osmolarity
renal tubules
small
high
what controls sodium balance
steroids - from adrenals
mineralcorticoid activity is the
effect of steroids on Na+
-refers to Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules, in exchange forb K+/H+
what is the main steroid with mineralcoritcoid activiy
aldosterone
too much mineralcortcicoid activity means sodium __
gain
water can travel anywhere but sodium is confined to the
extracellular fluid
t/f sodium follows water by osmsosis
false
water follows sodium, so los/gain Na+ = loss/gain water
signs of reduced Sodium
reduced sodium = reduced ECF
incr pulse postural hypotension dec urine output dec consciousness dec skin turgor dry mouth soft-sunken eyes
signs of incr sodium
coughing tiredness SOB pleural effusioin ascites pulmonary oedema reduced heart pumping
how can low conc of Na come about 2.
how can high conc. of Na come about - 2
increased loss of NA/ reduced Na intake
reduced water excretion/ incr water intake
= reduced conc of Na
incr Na intake/ reduced Na+ loss
incr h20 loss/ reduced water intake
= incr conc of Na
what to if: too little sodium too much water too much sodium too little water
1) - give sodium
2) - fluid restrict
3) - remove sodium
4) give water
which fluid given - saline or dextrose - travels to ICF compartment
dextrose (5%)b
low level of Na
<120mmol/L
stimuli for ADH can be either osmotic or non-osmotic, 3 examples of non-osmotic
hypovolaemia/hypotension
pain
nausea/vomiting
