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HEMATOLOGY PPT (3rd year) > W4 > Flashcards

W4 Flashcards

1
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

The developmental pathway consists of three phases

Ribosome synthesis in early erythroblasts

A

1st

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2
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

The developmental pathway consists of three phases

Hemoglobin accumulation in late erythroblasts and normoblasts

A

2nd

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3
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

The developmental pathway consists of three phases

Ejection of the nucleus from normoblasts and formation of
reticulocytes

A

3rd

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4
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: 12-25 um in diameter

Cytoplasm:
Deeply basophilic
Perinuclear halo

Nucleus: 1-3 nucleoli

A

Pronormoblast /(Rubriblast)/ (Proerythroblast)

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5
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

N/C ratio: 8:1

1% of nucleated cells in bone marrow

A

Pronormoblast /(Rubriblast)/ (Proerythroblast)

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6
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: 12-17 um in diameter

Cytoplasm: intensely basophilic

Nucleus: 75% of the cell

A

Basophilic Normoblast/(Prorubricyte)/ (Basophilic Erythroblast)

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7
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

N/C ratio:

1-3% of nucleated cells of bone marrow

A

Basophilic Normoblast/(Prorubricyte)/ (Basophilic Erythroblast)

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8
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: 12-15 um in diameter

Cytoplasm: blue-gray to pink gray (production of hemoglobin)

Nucleus: Smaller

A

Polychromatophilic Normoblast/ (Rubricyte)/ (Polychromatophilic Erythroblast)

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9
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

N/C ratio:

13-30% of nucleated cells in bone marrow

A

Polychromatophilic Normoblast/ (Rubricyte)/ (Polychromatophilic Erythroblast)

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10
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

This is the last cell division during maturation

A

Polychromatophilic Normoblast/ (Rubricyte)/ (Polychromatophilic Erythroblast)

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11
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: 8-12 um in diameter

Cytoplasm: pinker, increased amount of Hb

Nucleus:
− Pyknotic
− Eccentric

A

Orthochromic Normoblast/ (Metarubricyte)/ (Orthochromic Erythroblast)

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12
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

1-4% of nucleated cell in bone marrow

A

Orthochromic Normoblast/ (Metarubricyte)/ (Orthochromic Erythroblast)

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13
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Nucleus is extruded at this stage

A

Orthochromic Normoblast/ (Metarubricyte)/ (Orthochromic Erythroblast)

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14
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: 7-10 mm in diameter

Cytoplasm:
− Pink to pinkish gray
− Still contains small amounts of RNA (polychromasia)

Nucleus: none

A

Reticulocyte
Diffusely Basophilic Erythrocyte
Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

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15
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Within 24-48 hrs, the cell loses the organelles &
assumes a biconcave shape

A

Reticulocyte
Diffusely Basophilic Erythrocyte
Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

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16
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Size: approximately 7.2 um in
diameter

Cytoplasm: Pink

Nucleus: none

A

Erythrocyte

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17
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

RUBRI

A

Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Rubricyte
Metarubricyte
Reticulocyte
Mature Eryhtrocyte

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18
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

NORMOBLAST

A

Pronormoblast
Basophilic normoblast Polychromatophilic normoblast
Orthochromic normoblast Reticulocyte
Mature erythrocyte

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19
Q

ERYTHROCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

ERYTHROBLAST

A

Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Ortochromic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Mature erythrocyte

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20
Q

is stimulated by interleukins and colony-
stimulating factors (CSFs)

A

Leukopoiesis

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21
Q

are the most important sources
of cytokines

A
  1. MACROPHAGE
  2. T CELLS
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22
Q

Hemocytoblasts differentiate into myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells

  • stem cells become eosinophilic, basophilic and
    neutrophilic myeloblasts or monoblasts
A

MYELOID

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23
Q

Hemocytoblasts differentiate into myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells

  • stem cells become lymphoblasts
A

LYMPHOID

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24
Q
  • lineage gives rise to granulocytes, and monocytes (and
    macrophages), which are not granulocytes.
A

MYELOID

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25
Q

Not seen in Eosinophil or Basophil lineage, also called
stab form, horse-shoe shape nucleus, up to 3% in
peripheral blood

A

BAND NEUTROPHIL

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26
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

SIZE: 15-20UM IN DIAMETER
N/C RATIO: 4:1
NUCLEOLI: 2-5

A

MYELOBLAST

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27
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

FIRST RECOGNIZABLE STAGE IN BONE MARROW

A

MYELOBLAST

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28
Q

CANNOT BE DISTINGUISHED FROM MONOBLAST IN LIGHT MICROSCOPY

A

MYELOBLAST

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29
Q

HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs are not distinguishable with the light microscope and - staining and may resemble type 1 myeloblast and lymphoblast

A

ROMANOWSKY

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30
Q

TYPE OF MYELOBLAST

N/C RATIO: 8:1-4:1
NO VISIBLE GRANULES

A

TYPE 1 MYELOBLAST

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31
Q

TYPE OF MYELOBLAST

DISPERSED AZUROPHILIC GRANULES

A

TYPE 2 MYELOBLAST

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32
Q

TYPE OF MYELOBLAST

RARE IN BM
SEEN IN AML

A

TYPE 3 MYELOBLAST

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33
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

N:C ratio of 3:1 to 2:1
NUCLEOLI: 2-3

A

PROMYELOCYTE

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34
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

HAS A PARANUCLEAR HALO OR HOF

A

PROMYELOCYTE

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35
Q

CRYSTAL PROTEIN THAT IS SEEN ON EOSINOPHIL

A

CHARCOT LEYDEN

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36
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

SIZE:12-18 UM IN DIAMETER
NC RATIO: 1:1

A

MYELOCYTE

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37
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

LAST STAGE CAPABLE OF MITOSIS

A

MYELOCYTE

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38
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

SIZE: 10-15UM IN DIAMETER
NC RATIO: DECREASED

CHROMATIN IS COARSE AND CLUMPED

A

METAMYELOCYTE/JUVENILE CELLS

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39
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

INDENTED/KIDNEY/PEANUT SHAPED NUCLEUS

PREDOMINANT CELL IN BM

A

METAMYELOCYTE/ JUVENILE CELLS

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40
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

FIRST STAGE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TERTIARY/ GELATINASE GRANULES

A

METAMYELOCYTE/ JUVENILE CELLS

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41
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

ELONGATED OR BAND SHAPED NUCLEUS (C/S SHAPED) CURVED SAUSAGE SHAPE

A

BAND CELLS/STAB CELLS

42
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Youngest cell in the series that is normally present in the Peripheral blood

A

BAND CELLS/STAB CELLS

43
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

Secretory granules/ secretory vesicles may begin to be formed during this
phase

A

BAND CELLS/STAB CELLS

44
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

GRANULES: PINK TO ROSE
LOBES: 2-5

A

NEUTROPHIL

45
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

GRANULES: REDDISH ORANGE
LOBES: 2

A

EOSINOPHILS

46
Q

LEUKOCYTE NORMAL MATURATION SERIES

GRANULES: DARK PURPLE TO BLUE
LOBES: 3-4

47
Q

NEUTROPHIL STAGE

CONTAINS AUER RODS

A

MYELOBLAST

48
Q

NEUTROPHIL STAGE

GRANULES: NONE

A

MYELOBLAST

49
Q

NEUTROPHIL STAGE

GRANULES: HEAVY

A

PROMYELOCYTE

50
Q

LYMPHOID LINEAGE

non-phagocytic
are either “helper” or
“cytotoxic”

51
Q

LYMPHOID LINEAGE

non-phagocytic
- cells are derived
from T-cells and attack tumor cells.

A

NATURAL KILLER

52
Q

LYMPHOPOIESIS

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

A
  1. THYMUS
  2. BONE MARROW
53
Q

LYMPHOPOIESIS

SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

A
  1. LYMPH NODES
  2. LYMPHOID TISSUES
  3. SPLEEN
54
Q

LYMPHOCYTES

A
  1. B CELLS
  2. T CELLS
  3. NK CELLS
55
Q

PLASMA CELL MATURATION

18-25
ABUNDANT BASOPHILIC CYTOPLASM

PERINUCLEAR HALO

A

PLASMABLAST

56
Q

PLASMA CELL MATURATION

15-25
INTENSELY BASOPHILIC CYTOPLASM

A

PROPLASMACYTE

57
Q

PLASMA CELL MATURATION

8-20UM
DEEPLY BASOPHILIC

A

PLASMACYTE/ PLASMA CELL

58
Q

PLASMA CELL MATURATION

WITH LARGE WELL DEFINED HOF (NUCLEAR HALO) NEXT TO NUCLEUS

A

PLASMACYTE/ PLASMA CELL

59
Q

PLASMA CELL MATURATION

NUCLEUS EXHIBIT CART WHEEL LIKE PATTERN

A

PLASMACYTE/ PLASMA CELL

60
Q

Monocytes remain in the circulation approximately - DAYS before migrating to tissues

61
Q

are the precursor of the macrophages

62
Q

ARE CONSIDERED THE TISSUE MONOCYTES

A

MACROPHAGES

63
Q

RATIO OF MARGINAL POOL TO CIRCULATING POOL OF MONOCYTES

64
Q

CANNOT BE DISTINGUISHED
o FROM MYELOBLAST IN LIGHT MICROSCOPY

65
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

12-20 um diameter
N:C ratio of 4:1 or 3:1

66
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

14-18 um diameter
N:C ratio of 3:1 to 2:1

A

PROMONOCYTE

67
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

FIRST RECOGNIZABLE CELL IN THE MARROW

A

PROMONOCYTE

68
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

14-20UM
GROUND GLASS CYTOPLASM

69
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

HORSE SHOE SHAPED NUCLEUS
BRAINLIKE CONVULTIONS

70
Q

MONOCYTIC MATURATION SEQUENCE

LARGEST CELL IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD

71
Q

NEUTROPHIL

LIFE:

72
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

KUPPFER CELLS

73
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

MESANGLIAL CELLS

74
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

MICROGLIAL CELLS

75
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

OSTEOCLAST

76
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

DUST CELLS

77
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

HISTIOCYTES

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

78
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

LANGERHAN CELLS

79
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

LITTORAL CELLS

80
Q

NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT MACROPHAGES ON ITS SPECIFIED TISSUE LOCATION

HOFFBAUER CELLS

81
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

Special role in allergy,
inflammation & parasite
infection

A

EOSINOPHIL

82
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

GIVE RISE TO MAST CELLS
ROLE IN HYPERSENSITIVITY

83
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

  • LYMPHOCYTE

HUMORAL IMMUNITY 20-30%

A

B LYMPHOCYTE

84
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

  • LYMPHOCYTE FOR CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY (60-80%)
A

T LYMPHOCYTE

85
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

  • LYMPHOCYTE FOR CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY (5-10%)
86
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL

LYSOSOMAL ACID HYDROLASES

A

AGRANULOCYTE

87
Q

movement out of blood into connective tissue

A

DIAPEDESIS

88
Q

movement directed by homing molecules

A

CHEMOTAXIS

89
Q

Integrins and selectins are of significant importance
in allowing neutrophils to marginate as well as exit
the blood and enter the tissues

A

DIAPEDESIS

90
Q

Those neutrophils that do not
migrate into the tissues eventually undergo
programmed cell death or apoptosis and are
removed by macrophages in the spleen, bone
marrow, and liver.

A

DIAPEDESIS

91
Q

Cellular movement toward or
away from a chemical stimulus.
Characteristic of neutrophils
and monocytes, whose
phagocytic activity is
influenced by chemical factors
released by invading
microorganisms, damaged
cells, or other white blood
cells.

A

CHEMOTAXIS

92
Q

Outward passage of
white blood cells
through intact vessel
walls

A

DIAPEDESIS

93
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

NUCLEUS: ROUND
CHROMATIN: HOMOGENOUS

94
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

NUCLEUS:INDENTED
CHROMATIN: MODERATELY CONDENSED

95
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

NUCLEUS:MULTILOBED
CHROMATIN:DEEPLY CONDENSED

96
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

ENDOMITOSIS: PRESENT
DEMARCATION SYSTEM: PRESENT

97
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

ENDOMITOSIS: ENDS
DEMARCATION SYSTEM: PRESENT

98
Q

MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION STAGES

ENDOMITOSIS: ABSENT
DEMARCATION SYSTEM: PRESENT

99
Q

THREE STAGES OF MATURATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES

Small fragments of megakaryocytes

A

PLATELETS/THROMBOCYTES

100
Q

NORMAL CELLLULAR MATURATION

IMMATURE CELL: INTENSELY BASOPHILIC (BLUE)

A

CYTOPLASMIC MATURATION

101
Q

PLATELETS/THROMBOCYTES

AS CELL MATURE, -DECREASES IN SIZE

A

NUCLEAR MATURATION

102
Q

PLATELETS/THROMBOCYTES

AS CELL MATURES, - BECOMES SMALLER IN SIZE

HEMATOLOGY PPT (3rd year) (5 decks)

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