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sav 331 > w3 GI disorders > Flashcards

w3 GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Organic failure to thrive

and causes

A

Organic failure to thrive - identifiable underlying medical condition that interferes with a child’s ability to absorb nutrients, grow, or gain weight.

  • Illness
  • Heart disease
  • Food intolerance
  • Genetic disorder
  • Malformations
  • Physical cause of the growth failure
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2
Q

s/s:
- Height and weight < 5th percentile
- Persistent deviation from growth pattern
- Identifiable physical cause of failure to thrive

A

organic FTT

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3
Q

Non-organic failure to thrive

and causes

A

Non-organic failure to thrive - environmental or psychosocial factors that affect a child’s ability to thrive. There’s no identifiable underlying medical condition.

  • Poverty, neglect, lack of knowledge causing inadequate calorie intake
  • Stress
  • Developmental delays
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4
Q

s/s:
- Height and weight < 5th percentile
- Persistent deviation from growth pattern
- Developmental delays
- Apathy
- Poor hygiene
- Eating disorder
- No stranger anxiety
- Avoids eye contact
- Stiff, unresponsive

A

non organic FTT

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5
Q

Idiopathic failure to thrive

A

Idiopathic failure to thrive – unknown cause of failure to thrive

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6
Q

Cleft lip/cleft palate
Treatment:

A

Treatment:
Cleft lip – surgery first weeks of life
Cleft palate – closure between 12-18 months

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7
Q

pre op concerns Cleft lip/cleft palate

A

Promote bonding

Feeding difficulties
- Sit up right
- Elongated nipple to help create seal
- Rest
- Burp more frequently

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8
Q

concerns Cleft lip/cleft palate Post op care:

A

Post op care:
- Protect air way – suction and position
- Cleft lip – don’t lay them on their belly
- Cleft palate – can lay on belly
- Hypothermia
- Prevent infection
- Protect suture – elbow restraints
- Pain management
- Avoid sharp objects in mouth and suction with caution

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9
Q

concerns Cleft lip/cleft palate Long term post op care:

A

Long term post op care:
- Speech
- Altered dentition
- Hearing problems
- Oral care

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10
Q

Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula
Connection issues between esophagus to stomach and/or trachea to lungs

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11
Q

s/s:
- Forthy saliva
- Choking
- Coughing
- Feeding returned through nose/mouth
- Cyanotic
- Apnic

if you notice s/s don’t _____

A

Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula

If you notice s/s don’t feed

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12
Q

3 C’s
- Choking
- Coughing
- Cyanosis

A

Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula

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13
Q

Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula

treatment:

A

surgery

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14
Q

Anorectal malformations
Imperforate anus

A

Anorectal malformations
Imperforate anus – no or small anal opening

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15
Q

Omphalocele

A

Herniation of abdominal contents through umbilical in an intact sac

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16
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Herniation of abdominal contents through umbilical not in any sacs

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17
Q

only concerned with diarrhea if any of these 3 things occur

A

Concerned with diarrhea if:
- Bloody
- Continuous (weeks)
- Dehydration

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18
Q

treatment diarrhea

A

Treatment:
- Oral rehydration solution – Pedialyte
- Avoid fruit juice, cola, sports drinks
- Normal diet with ORS (mild-mod dehydration)
- IV fluids (mod-severe dehydration)

19
Q

Constipation
Treatment:

A

Constipation
Treatment:
1. Fluid
2. Fiber = age + 5g
3. Fruit juice
4. Exercise
5. MiraLAX

20
Q

what is a serving of fiber for a constipated kid

A

age + 5g

21
Q

Encopresis

A

Encopresis
Chronic constipation that leads to liquid stool leaking around the constipation

22
Q

teaching for Encopresis

A

Nursing considerations:
- Teaching – regular potty times, feet touch floor, don’t hold poop
- Takes 6 months for stretched out colon to go back to normal

23
Q

Hirschsprung disease

treatment:

A

Hirschsprung disease
Absence of peristalsis = no BM

surgery

24
Q

most dangerous complication of Hirschsprung disease

and its 3 s/s

A

Complications: enterocolitis
- Bloody diarrhea
- Fever
- Lethargy

25
Q

newborn hasn’t stooled 48 hours after birth. what do we suspect

A

Hirschsprung disease

26
Q

s/s newborns:
- No meconium within 48 hours
- Food refusal
- Vomit
- Abdominal distention

A

Hirschsprung disease

27
Q

s/s infants:
- Spitting up
- Vomit
- Hematemesis – blood vomit
- melena – black, tarry stools
- irritability/fussy
- back arching
- ALTE or apnea
- Persistent aspiration pneumonia
- Not growing

A

GERD

28
Q

s/s children:
- Heartburn
- Anemia
- Persistent aspiration pneumonia
- Chronic cough
- Difficulty swallowing
- Abdominal pain
- Not growing

A

GERD

29
Q

Nursing considerations:
for GERD

A

Nursing considerations:
- Position – elevate HOB
- Small frequent feedings
- Thickened formula
- Avoid fatty foods, chocolate, tomato products, carbonated liquids (older kids)
- Burp often
- Make sure they aren’t sitting so that they’ll be slumped over and stomach is smushed together

30
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Pyloric muscle becomes thickened causing gastric obstruction

31
Q

s/s:
- olive shaped mass
- exorsist babies!!! – projectile vomit
- hunger
- inrritablity
- dehydration
- weight loss

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

32
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis:

hydration more important then nutrition?

A

yes

33
Q

Intussusception

A

Intussusception
One intestine pushing into another

34
Q

s/s:
- drawing knees to chest
- palpable sausage shaped mass URQ
- current jelly stool
- abdominal pain
- vomit
- abdomen distended and tender

A

Intussusception

35
Q

Intussusception treatment:

A

enema:
- can confirm diagnosis and probably fix it too

36
Q

celiac disease

A

celiac disease
inflammation of small intestine, atrophy of villi, malabsorption, triggered by inability to digest gluten

37
Q

what is considered gluten

A

= wheat, rye, barley, oats

38
Q

s/s:
- major symptoms appear 1-5 years
- progressive malnutrition
- anemia and rickets
- watery pale foul smelling stool
- vomit
- constipation

A

celiac disease

39
Q

short bowel syndrome

A

short bowel syndrome
part of bowel has been removed, malabsorption because of less surface area to absorb nutrients and everything goes through faster so less time to absorb nutrients

40
Q

short bowel syndrome
concerns

A

concern:
- bowels will atrophy if not used
- TPN main nutrient source, but still use bowels a little

41
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

Acute appendicitis
Inflammation of appendix

42
Q

s/s:
- Abdominal pain and tenderness in LRQ/McBurney point
- Guarding
- Rebound tenderness
- n/v
- anorexia
- low grade fever
- fever above 102 = ruptured
- pain gets better shortly = ruptured

A

Acute appendicitis

43
Q

acute appendicitis

T/F

avoid enemas and heating pads

4-6 weeks post op before returning to sports

A

TRUE

sav 331 (12 decks)

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