w3 fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

• Fever
• Tachypnea
• Hot environment
• Burns
• Ongoing losses – diarrhea, vomit, NG tube output
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Shock
• Radiant warmer
• Post op bowel surgery

increase or decrease maintenance fluid requirements:

Answer 1

increase

Question 2

• Ventilator
• Renal failure
• Hypothyroidism
• CHF
• Increased cranial pressure
• Antidiuretic hormone

increase or decrease maintenance fluid requirements:

Answer 2

decrease

Question 3

s/s:
- Edema
- Slow bounding pulse
- Crackles
- Lethargy
- Hepatomegaly
- Weight gain
- Seizures
- Coma

Answer 3

fluid excess

Question 4

isotonic dehydration,

Answer 4

you lose both water and electrolytes in a proportional way.

Question 5

Hypotonic dehydration -

Answer 5

Hypotonic dehydration - you lose more electrolytes than water,

low electrolytes
high water

Question 6

Hypertonic dehydration

Answer 6

– you lose more water than electrolytes,

low water
high electrolytes

Question 7

Everything is normal
Weight loss is 3-5%

mild/mod/severe dehydration

Answer 7

mild

Question 8

Weight loss 6-9%
Irritable, thirsty
>3 sec cap refil
PR and RR increased
BP normal or low
Dry mucus membranes
Less tears
Turgor tents briefly
Fontanel normal or sunken slightly
Reduced urine

mild/mod/severe dehydration

Answer 8

moderate

Question 9

Weight loss >10%
Lethargic, sick
>4 sec cap refil
PR and RR very fast
BP low, shock
Dry mucus membranes
Absent tears
Sunken eyes
Turgor prolonged tent
Fontanel sunken alot
Reduced urine

mild/mod/severe dehydration

Answer 9

severe

Question 10

s/s:
- Abnormal skin turgor
- Abnormal respiratory pattern
- Prolonged cap refill

Answer 10

dehydration

Question 11

Treatment :
Mild dehydration:

Answer 11

• ORS
• Add fluid for every stool
• Emesis
• Keep feeding regular diet if tolerated

Question 12

Treatment :
Moderate dehydration:

Answer 12

• ORS
• Add fluid for every stool
• Emesis
• Keep feeding regular diet if tolerated

Question 13

Treatment :
severe dehydration:

Answer 13

• IV fluids until PR and LOC return
• Add K
• ORS
• Keep feeding regular diet if tolerated

Question 14

Hyponatremia s/s:

Hypernatremia s/s:

Answer 14

Hyponatremia s/s:
- Behavior
- Abdominal cramps

Hypernatremia s/s:
- Thirst
- CNS

Question 15

Hypokalemia s/s:

Hyperkalemia s/s:

Answer 15

Hypokalemia s/s:
- Leg cramps

Check renal output before K admin

Hyperkalemia s/s:
- Twitching

Question 16

Hypocalcemia s/s:

Hypercalcemia s/s:

Answer 16

Hypocalcemia s/s:
- Trousseaus and chovstek sign
- Hyperactive

Hypercalcemia s/s:
- Weak
- Confused

Question 17

Infusion pumps for kids or drip IV

Answer 17

Infusion pumps for kids, never drip IV

Question 18

Normal urine output

________ ml/kg/hr

Answer 18

Normal urine output 1-2 ml/kg/hr