W3 - Bipolar Flashcards
What are the causes of bipolar?
BD does not appear to have one single cause.
- Genetics: link not fully understood.
- Biological: chemical imbalances in the brain in limbic system and amygdala
- Hormonal: imbalance
- Environmental: abuse, mental stress, a significant loss etc
What is a manic episode?
period of abnormality and evleatved irritable mood lasting at least one week. Must have three of the following:
- inflated self-esteem
- decreased need for sleep
- pressured speech
- flight of ideas
- disractibilty
- increased psychomotor agitation
- excessive involvement in activities of painful consequences
What is Hypomanic?
same as manic, but it is not severe enough to cause a marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or require hospitalisation.
What is the other type of BD episode? (other then manic and hypomanic)
Major depressive episode
What are the three types?
- Bipolar 1
- Bipolar 2
- Cyclothymic
What is involved in bipolar 1?
For a diagnosis of bipolar I:
There must have been at least one manic episode
The person must also have had a previous major depressive episode
The doctor must rule out disorders that are not associated with bipolar disorder, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and other psychotic disorders.
What is involved in bipolar 2?
the patient must have experienced one or more episodes of depression and at least one hypomanic episode.
A hypomanic state is less severe than a manic one.
What is involved in cyclothymic?
Cyclothymia involves episodes of low-level depression that alternate with periods of hypomania.
The DSM-V classifies it separately from bipolar disorder, because the mood changes are less dramatic.
A person who receives a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has a lifelong diagnosis. They may enter a period of stability, but they will always have the diagnosis.
What are the 4 p’s in case formulation?
- Predisposing (why me?)
- Precipitating (why now?)
- Perpetuating (why does it continue?)
- protective (what can I rely on?)
What are the principles of division 1 and 3 of the Mental Health act? (part 4)
Principles and objectives of act:
assessment and treatment are provided in the least intrusive and restrictive way
people are supported to make and participate in decisions about their assessment,
treatment and recovery
individuals’ rights, dignity and autonomy are protected and promoted at all times
priority is given to holistic care and support options that are responsive to individual needs
the wellbeing and safety of children and young people are protected and prioritised
carers are recognised and supported in decisions about treatment and care
What is an Assessment Order?
An Assessment Order (AO) is an order made by a medical or mental health practitioner that
enables a person who is subject to the order to be compulsorily:
Examined by a psychiatrist to determine whether treatment criteria applies to the
person (Community AO)
Taken to and detained in a designated mental health service, where assessment by a
psychiatrist will occur to determine whether treatment criteria applies to the person
What is the criteria for an Assessment Order?
- Person appears to have a mental illness
- Person appears to need immediate treatment to prevent:
a. Serious deterioration of the persons mental/physical health
b. Serious harm to the person or to another person - The person can be assessed once made subject to the AO
- There are no less restrictive means reasonably available to enable person to be
assessed.
What is a temporary treatment order?
A Temporary Treatment Order (TTO) is an order made by a psychiatrist following
assessment that enables a person to be compulsorily:
- Treated in the community (Community TTO)
- Taken to, detained and treated in a designated mental health service (Inpatient TTO)
What is the criteria for a temporary treatment order?
- The person has a mental illness
- Due to the mental illness, immediate treatment is required to prevent:
a. serious deterioration in the person’s mental or physical health OR
b. serious harm to the person or to another person - Immediate treatment will be provided
- there is no less restrictive means reasonably available to enable the person to
receive the immediate treatment.
What is a relapse prevention plan?
Made with health profession to prevent future relapse. - can be confronting to develop collaboratively with client as it depends on clients willingness to go there. identifies: 1. triggers 2. early warning signs 3. relapse profile 4. what helps us feel and stay well 5. relapse management plan
