W1 - Intellectual Disabiltites Flashcards
Outline causes of ID
- genetics
- perinatal factors
- postnatal/childhood factors
DSM - V diagnosis
- Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem solving, judgment and abstract thinking)
- Deficits in adaptive functions (skills needed to function independently, communication, social skills, self-care)
- These limitations must occur during the developmental period
What is dual diagnosis?
co-occurring intellectual disability and mental health problems.
- diagnosis can be challenging due to limited verbal communication
- atypical profile and presentation of mental disorders
ID and the Disability Act 2006
“intellectual disability”, in relation to a person over the age of 5 years, means the concurrent existence of— (a) significant sub-average general intellectual functioning; and
(b) significant deficits in adaptive behaviour— each of which became manifest before the age of 18 years
Define disability in relation to the Disabilty Act 2006
(a) a sensory, physical or neurological impairment or acquired brain injury or any combination thereof, which— (i) is, or is likely to be, permanent; and (ii) causes a substantially reduced capacity in at least one of the areas of self-care, selfmanagement, mobility or communication; and (iii) requires significant ongoing or long term episodic support; and (iv) is not related to ageing; or
(b) an intellectual disability; or
(c) a developmental delay;
How does the Disbailty Act relate to OT?
Persons with a disability have the same rights to:
- be treated with respect
- have access to sevices that support their QOL\
- exercise control over their lives
- participate actively in decisions affecting their lives
Disabilty services should:
- be flexible
- advance the inclusion and participation in the community of persons with a disability with the aim of achieving their individual aspirations
- maixmise their choice and independence
- be designed and provided in a manner that recognises different models of practice may be required to assist people with different types of disability and at different stages in their lives to realise their physical, social, emotional and intellectual capacitie
Principles for ID in the Disabilty Act 2006
- persons with an intellectual disability have a capacity for physical, social, emotional and intellectual development
- have the right for opportunities to develop and maintain skills
- services for persons with an intellectual disability should be designed and provided in a manner which maximises opportunities for persons living in residential institutions to live in community based accommodation
- those living in RC have the right to a high quality of care
What is the NDIS?
The NDIS provides support to eligible people with intellectual, physical, sensory, cognitive
and psychosocial disability (NDIS, 2019). It funds a range of supports and services which
may include education, employment, social participation, independence, living arrangements
and health and wellbeing.
What is the aim of the NDIS?
The overall aim of the scheme is to help people get the support
they need so their skills and independence improve over time
What is the criteria for NDIS funding?
- Are you aged between 7 and 65?
- Do you live in Australia and have Australian residency?
- Do you usually need support from a person because of a permanent and significant
disability? Ie ID/psychosis - Do you use special equipment because of a permanent and significant disability? Ie
hearing aids - Do you need some supports now to reduce your future needs?
NOTE: also must be a permentant and significant disability, and reasonable and necessary.
What is considered reasonable and necessary in the NDIS?
● must be related to a participant’s disability
● must not include day-to-day living costs not related to your disability support needs,
such as groceries.
● should represent value for money.
● must be likely to be effective and work for the participant, and
● should take into account support given to the person by other government services,
family, carers, networks and the community.
What are the three categories under the NDIS?
- Core
- Capital
- Capacity building
Define the ‘core’ category of the NDIS?1
Refers to assistance with daily life or assistance with social and community
participation
- For example, helping Ann find a job, volunteering or attending social events to
meet new people.
Define the ‘capital’ category of the NDIS?
Refers to assistive technology, home mods or accommodation
- For Ann, this may include funding for hearing aids, glasses, home
modifications such as grab rails to minimise a fall with her impaired vision or
funding for her new residence.
Define the ‘capacity building’ category of the NDIS?
This refers to improved living, living arrangements and improved relationships, health
and wellbeing, learning, life choices and daily skills.
- For Ann, this may mean helping her find employment who want to engage a
person with ID in work or involving her in a course on skill building with OT
