W20 Neoplasia

Question 1

LO

Answer 1

Distinguish benign from malignant neoplasia
 Common features for cancer cells and major types of malignant tumours
 Understand the mechanisms of cancer development
 Understand the mechanisms of tumour invasion and metastasis
 Effects of a malignant tumour on host

Question 2

Neoplasia (new growth) definition

Answer 2

abnormal new mass of tissue, with unregulated and uncoordinated cell
growth

Mass persists in same excessive manner, even after termination of
stimuli which evoked the change.

MASSIVE RED LUMP GROWING UNDER SKIN OF THROAT (IMG)

Question 3

What percentage does Neoplasia affect people (m&f)

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

Whats the 2nd most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

neoplasia

Question 5

Describe a Normal Tumour growth

Answer 5

polyclonal growth, well regulated

Question 6

What is the name of excessive tumour growth

Answer 6

HYPERPLASIA (dont confuse w neo)

Question 7

What is endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 7

Epithelial lining of the womb grows
excessively thick under the influence of estrogen

Question 8

Is hyperplasia cancerous or can it become

Answer 8

not but can in later years

Question 9

Describe Benign tumours

Answer 9

clonal proliferation, limited response to cell signal

Question 10

Describe malignant tumours

Answer 10

immortalized clone, loss of cell regulation

Question 11

What suffix is in benign neoplasia tumours

Answer 11

Oma i.e squamous cell papiloma , lipoma , angioma , leiomyoma

Question 12

What type of neoplasia tumour carries the suffix carcinoma

Answer 12

Epithelial cells- squamous cell carcinoma & adenocarcinoma

Question 13

what are Mesenchymal cells and are they malignant or benign neoplasic tumours

Answer 13

connective tissue cells ; under maligant branch of neoplasia

Question 14

What suffix do mesenchymal cells carry (neoplasic tumours)

Answer 14

SARCOMA i.e osteosarcoma , leiomysarcoma, liposarcoma

Question 15

What are the 5 exceptions to the suffix rule

Answer 15

Melanoma, Lymphoma,
Hepatoma, Mesothelioma, Glioma

Question 16

Describe the characteristics of a malignant tumour

Answer 16

• Anaplasia or cellular atypia: Lack of differentiation
  variation in shape and size of cells or nuclei
• Enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent
  nucleoli, increase nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
• Increased and abnormal mitotic activity:
• Dysplasia: disorganised and random growth
• Invasion:…….. img
• Metastasis: img on slide

Question 17

Benign vs malignant tumour features

Answer 17

insert table info

Question 18

Characteristics of sarcoma vs carcinoma

Answer 18

table slide

Question 19

What are the 6 hallmarks of cancer

Answer 19

self sufficiency in growth signals

insensitivity to anti-growth signals

Tissue invasion & metastasis

Limitless replicative potential

sustained angiogenesis

evading apoptosis

Question 20

Role of initiators in cancer development

Answer 20

Initiation - DNA damage by 02 & nitrogen radicals

Question 21

Role of promotion in cancer

Answer 21

Proliferation of initiated cells inhibiton of apoptosis

Question 22

Role of Progression in cancer dvpmt

Answer 22

Induction of angiogenesis invasion and tumour cell migration

Question 23

15 slides left

Question 24

What do chemicals, viruses and bacteria do in cancer development

Answer 24

initiators

Question 25

What role do hormones play in cancer dvpmt

Answer 25

promoters

Question 26

Po oncogenes have to ____ to. become oncogenes

Answer 26

mutate

Question 27

what do oncogenes do

Answer 27

disrupt normal cell division and promote cancer formation

Question 28

what are the two categories of tumour suppressor genes

Answer 28

gatekeepers and caretakers

Question 29

examples of oncogenes

Question 30

tumour suppressor genes