W20/L2: Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the brainstem?

A

Reflexive & unconscious behaviour

Modulation of arousal/conscious states

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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3
Q

What is visible on the dorsal side of the midbrain?

A

2 superior colliculi

2 inferior colliculi

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4
Q

What is visible on the dorsal side of the pons?

A

Gap for the 4th ventricle

Facial colliculi

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5
Q

What is visible on the dorsal side of the medulla?

A

Dorsal columns
Nuclei-gracile
Cuneate tubercle

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6
Q

What is visible on the ventral side of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles

Interpeduncular fossa

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7
Q

What is visible on the ventral side of the pons?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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8
Q

What is visible on the ventral side of the medulla?

A

Inferior olivary nuclei

Pyramidal decusstion

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9
Q

Which is the only CN to exit on the dorsal surface?

A

CN IV

Trochlear

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves are exclusively motor?

A

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

Occulomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves are exclusively sensory?

A

1, 2, 8

Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear (all the special senses)

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12
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

A

5, 7, 9, 10

Trigeminal, facial, glosopharangual, vagus

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13
Q

Mnemonic for sensory, motor and mixed (both) cranial nerves?

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more

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14
Q

The cerebellum is joined to the brainstem by how many peduncles?

A

3 pairs

Superior, middle, inferior

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15
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle joins the midbrain?

A

Superior

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16
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle joins the pons?

17
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle joins the medulla?

18
Q

Which is the largest cerebellar peduncle?

19
Q

What is medial to the cerebellar peduncles?

A

The 4th ventricle

20
Q

How many cerebral peduncles are there?

21
Q

Which nerves emerge from the ponto-medullary junction?

22
Q

What’s the tectum & what does it consist of?

A

The part of the midbrain dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

Includes the 2 pairs of colliculi

23
Q

What’s the open medulla?

A

The rostral part of the medulla - which has the 4th ventricle dorsally

24
Q

What’s the closed medulla?

A

The caudal part of the medulla, which has dorsal column nuclei and no venrticle.

25
Name the 2 CNs that come from the midbrain
3 & 4 Occulomotor & trochlear
26
Which cranial nerve emerges from the interpeduncular fossa?
3 Occulomotor
27
Where does the 4th CN emerg from?
Just below the inferior colliculus on the dorsal side of the midbrain
28
Which nerves have their roots in the pons?
5, 6, 7, 8 Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear
29
Which CN emerges from between the pyramid and the olive?
12 Hypoglossal
30
Where's the tegmentum?
In the middle of the brainstem - butting up against the 4th ventricle/cerebral aquaduct
31
What is contained in the tegmentum?
All the CNs, most of the reticular formation, and the major ascending tracts.