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6. Neuro > W19/L4 + L10: Skull anatomy > Flashcards

W19/L4 + L10: Skull anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the upper part of the cranium called

A

The vault

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2
Q

What are the three layers of all of the bones of the skull?

A

External & internal layers of compact bone, with a middle layer of spongy bone (the diploe)

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3
Q

What are the skull sutures?

A

Immobile joint between the seperate bones

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4
Q

Name the four “main” sutures

A

Coronal
Saggital
Lamboid
Pterion

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5
Q

What bones form the coronal suture?

A

Frontal bone and the 2 parietal bones

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6
Q

What bones form the saggital suture?

A

The two parietal bones

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7
Q

<p>What bones form the lambdoid suture?</p>

A

<p>The two parietal bones and the occipital bone</p>

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8
Q

Which two sutures are in the coronal plane?

A

Coronal & lamboid

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9
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid

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10
Q

What is the significance of the pterion?

A

The bones are thin at this point, making it a site of weakness

The middle meningeal artery runs directly deep to the pterion

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11
Q

What are the 2 parts of the frontal bone?

A

The vertical part (forehead)

The horizontal part (forming the anterior cranial fossa and roof of the orbit)

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12
Q

What is the line of demarcation between the 2 parts of the frontal bone?

A

The supraorbital margins

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13
Q

Describe the parietal bone

A

Flat, rectangular bone moulded to brain contour

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14
Q

Describe the features of the occipital bone

A

Flat, moulded to posterior aspect of brain

Prominent external occipital protuberance

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15
Q

What are the 4 processes of the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic
Mastoid
Styloid
Petrous

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16
Q

What is the flat “body” of the temporal bone called?

A

The squamous part

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17
Q

Describe the zygomatic process

A

A thin, forward projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone

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18
Q

Describe the mastoid process

A

A thick, chunky, downwards projection

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19
Q

Describe the styloid process

A

Deep, sharp, downwards projection

20
Q

What structures attach to the styloid process of the temporal bone?

A

Ones for the oral cavity & pharynx

21
Q

Describe the petrous process of the temporal bone

A

A chunky, pyramid shaped, inwards projection

22
Q

<p>What are the main features of the sphenoid bone</p>

A

<p>A body with two wings The body (including sella turcica) has a depression (the hypophysial fossa) for the pituitary gland The superior orbital fissure divides the wings into the lesser (anterosuperior) and greater (posterior) wings</p>

23
Q

<p>What features of the ethmoid bone are visible from inside the cranium?</p>

A

<p>The cribiform plate, with lots of tiny holes The christa galli</p>

24
Q

What is the only group of foramina in the anterior cranial fossa? And what posses through them?

A

The holes of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone containing the olfactory nerves

25
Q

What’s the hypophysial fossa?

A

The depression in the body of the sphenoid bone where the pituitary sits

26
Q

What are the 6 paired foramina in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
(these 4 form that nice arch)

Foramen lacerum

27
Q

What does the optic canal transmit?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

28
Q

What does the superior orbital fissure transmit?

A

Nerves for the extra-ocular muscles
V1 of trigeminal
Inferior opthalmic vein

29
Q

What does the F. rotundum transmit?

A

Maxillary nerve

30
Q

What does the F. ovale transmit?

A

Mandibular nerve

31
Q

What does the F. spinosum transmit?

A

Middle meningeal artery

32
Q

What does the F. lacerum transmit?

A

Nothing! It’s covered by a cartilage membrane in living people

33
Q

What are the 4 foramina of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum

34
Q

What does the int. acoustic meatus transmit?

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

35
Q

What does the jugular foramen transmit?

A

Cranial nerves IX, X, XI
Internal jugular vein

(glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory)

36
Q

What does the hypoglossal canal transmit?

A

The hypoglossal nerve

37
Q

Is the jugular foramen a foramen within a bone?

A

No - it’s a deficiency between the petrous process of the temporal bone and it’s joint with the occipital bone

38
Q

From what aspect is the hypoglossal canal best seen?

A

From the inferior aspect, looking up

39
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura (outer)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pia (inner)

40
Q

What part of the brain does the anterior cranial fossa house?

A

Frontal lobe

41
Q

What part of the brain does the middle cranial fossa house?

A

Temporal lobe

42
Q

What part of the brain does the posterior cranial fossa house?

A

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

43
Q

What bones form the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Horizontal plate of the fronal bone
Cribiform plate of ethmoid
Lesser wings of sphenoid

44
Q

What bones form the middle cranial fossa?

A

Body in greater wings of sphenoid

Petrous part of temporal bone

45
Q

What bones form the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

Occipital bone

6. Neuro (33 decks)

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