w2 Management of patients experiencing infections

Question 1

Anti-bacterial Drug Classes

Answer 1

G.A.M.B
Glycopeptides –> inhibit cell wall synthesis

Amino-glycosides –> inhibit protein synthesis

Macrolides –> inhibit protein synthesis

Beta Lactums –> interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 2

Glycopeptides
examples, indications, moa,

Answer 2

Examples:
Vancomycin

Indications:
Primarily used for treatment of serious infections that cannot be treated with less toxic agents.

MOA: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by preventing formation of peptidoglycan polymers.

Question 3

Glycopeptides
risks & nursing considerations

Answer 3

Risks:
- ototoxicity : med side effect involved in damaging the inner ear.

• nephrotoxicity: deterioration of kidney function
• red man syndrome&raquo_space; t is characterized by flushing, itching, and rash, primarily on the face, neck, and upper torso. Commonly associated with rapid infusions of antibiotic vancomycin.

N.Considerations:
- monitor renal function
-complete blood count at least 1/week
-monitor hearing

Question 4

Amino-glycosides
Examples, indications, MOA

Answer 4

Examples: Gentamycin

Indications: intestinal infections

MOA: members of this drug class target ribosomes at the 30s subunit, and inhibit protein synthesis.

Question 5

Amino-glycosides
risks & nursing considerations

Answer 5

Risks:
- liver toxicity
- ototoxicity
-nephrotoxicity

Nursing Considerations:
- monitor renal function
- monitor confusions & tinnitus (ringing in ears)
- Monitor creatinine clearance

Question 6

Macrolides
Examples, indications, MOA

Answer 6

Examples: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

Indications: Indicated for resp., urinary, skin and soft tissue infections cause by both gram +ve and gram -ve.

MOA: inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomes at the 50s subunit.

Question 7

Macrolides
Risks & Nursing Considerations

Answer 7

Risks: superinfections, rapid infusions may cause serious ventricular arrhythmia.
- nausea/ vomiting
- abdo pain

Nursing considerations
-Educate on potential GI side effects and to take the medication with food if needed.
-Monitor for signs of cardiac arrhythmias (QT prolongation).

Question 8

Beta- Lactums
Examples, Indications, MOA

Answer 8

Examples: Amoxcillin, Cefazolin

Indications: bacterial infections

MOA: interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in the rupture & death of the bacteria cell.

Question 9

Beta- Lactums
Risks & Nursing Considerations

Answer 9

Risks:
- nausea & diarrhoea
- superinfections with long term use
- rare (rashes)

Nursing Considerations:
- beta lactums will de-activate glycopeptides therefore should not be given together or should be hours apart when given.
- allergies to penicillin is common
- patient educations surround allergies, additive risks etc.