W1: Experiencing pain & inflammation

Question 1

Non- Narcotic Analgesics (Non - Opiods)

Answer 1

Paracetamol
- commonly sold by the brand name of Panadol, can be also sold in different forms i.e) Panadol osteo., rapid

• Indications of mild to moderate pain.

Question 2

Non- Narcotic
Panadol (MOA & SEs & NC)

Answer 2

Panadol
MOA - inhibits the prostaglandins of the CNS and activating the descending pathways thereby giving analgesic effects.

SEs: hepatotoxicity (damage or destructive of liver with elevated doses.

DDI: panadol and panamax co.

Nursing Considerations:
- monitor liver functions
- less than 4g a day

Question 3

NSAIDS (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Answer 3

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, celecoxib, diclofenac

with indications of pain & inflammation due to tissue injuries.

Question 4

MOA & SEs & NC for NSAIDs

Answer 4

MOA: inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by blocking the COX enzymes thereby reducing inflammation & producing analgesia effects.

SEs: Risk of renal impairment

risk of GIT bleeding - ulcers & stomach upset.

Nursing Considerations
- work collaboratively with multidisciplinary team to have renal function monitored.
- Do not give with anticoagulants / bleedings
- pt educations regarding side effects, signs & symptoms of GIT bleeding

Question 5

Narcotic Analgesics/ Opiods

Answer 5

F-E-M-T
Fentyln, Endone, Morphine, Targin

• Indications for acute & chronic pain for moderate to severe pain

Question 6

Narcotic Analgesics/ Opiods
MOA & SEs & NC

Answer 6

MOA
- act on the opioid receptors in the CNS & GIT, producing analgesia effect

• Morphine is PURE opioid against, whereas Nalaxone is PURE opioid Antagonist ( which is a drug to reverse the effects of narcotic analgesics).
• TARGIN (mixed opiod agonist), combining oxycodone opioid agonist with naloxone antagonist opioid. ** this is to reduce the side effects associated with the opioid analgesic whilst still providing pain relief**

SE: Respiratory depression and cardiovascular compromise including bradycardia and hypotension.

NC:
- these opiod analgesics can cause constipation
- accurately assess sedation and associated side effects
- nurse need to be aware of legal obligations of administering these analgesics.