W2: Chapter 10- Leadership & Org. Change Flashcards
define motivation
inner force that activates/moves a person toward achievement of a goal
individuals who are blocked in attempts to satisfy their needs may exhibit:
-withdrawal
-aggression
-(over) compensation
-reversion/regression
-repression
-rationalizations (onto others)
-rationalization
what motivates people according to Maslow’s hierarchy theory?
by their desire to satisfy specific needs
- bottom ones to need to be satisfied first to move higher in the pyramid
what are the needs of Maslow’s hierarchy?
-physio
-safety
-love/belonging (social)
-esteem
-self actualization
What does McClelland’s achievement power affiliation theory say about people’s needs?
everyone has 3 needs: achievement, power, affiliation
what does achievement entail? (McClelland)
-seeks challenge & attainable goals
-personal achievement>rewards of success
-hard worker energy all the time
what does power entail? (McClelland)
- enjoys competition/domination
-desires getting and using power over others
-seeks confrontations
what does affiliation entail? (McClelland)
-wants to be liked
-make and keep friends
-likes social activities
-joins organizations
What are the two factors of Herzberg’s two-factor theory?
- motivators
- maintenance/hygiene
what are considered motivating factors? (Herzberg)
-achievement
-recognition
-job advance.
-growth opport.
-work itself
what are considered hygiene factors? (Herzberg)
-relationship with peers
- salary
-security
-working conditions
-company policies
- supervision
- physical workspace
what are the similarities b/w Maslow and Herzberg Theories of motivation?
- Maslow physio, safety, social matches w/ Herzbergs maintenance factors
- Maslow self-actualization matches w/ Herzbergs motivational factors
define valence (in context of expectancy theory)
values employees place on rewards
- need high expectancy and valence
why are people motivated to work according to expectancy theory?
if they believe their efforts will be rewarded and if they value the rewards
effort>performance>outcome
——————————->
leads to
what are the components of job satisfaction?
-organiz. citizenship behaviour (OCBs)
- organizational commitment (affective & continous)
define job satisfaction
person feeling and belief about their job
- negative relationship b/w job satis. and turnover
define leadership
process of influencing activities of a person or group toward achieving organiz. goals
what makes a good leader?
- managerial style
-ability to get job done effectively - ability to influence ppl to strive willingly for group objectives
what is position power based on?
person’s official position in organization
what is personal power based on?
personal attributes and expertise
define theory x
motivation comes from fear, close surveillance needed; autocratic mgmt philosophy
define theory y
permits subord. to self direct, participative mgmt philosophy
what does Argyris’s immaturity-maturity theory say?
changes take place on spectrum in personality of individuals
- worker apathy and lack of effort d/t laziness (big assumption)
what does maturity look like?
-independence
-proactive
-long time pov
-self awareness/control
- confident
- deeper stronger interests
what does immaturity look like?
- passive
-dependent (minimal scope)
-subordinate position - lack of self awareness
what are the basic leadership styles?
-autocratic-> make most decisions
-laissez-faire-> allow group decision
-democratic-> encourage group to make decisions
what is on the x and y axis of the leadership grid?
x- concern for production/results
y- concern for people
what is the ideal for leadership grid?
team mgmt (high concern for both)
what are 3 components that affect leadership appropriate in a given situation?
- manager
- subordinates
- situation
what is the path-goal leadership model?
-extension of expectancy theory
-focuses on leader’s effect on subord.’s motivation to perform
what does the path-goal leadership model assume about individuals?
ppl react rationally when chasing goals bc goals result in high value payoffs
- mgr should identify ways to affect expectancies/valences
what are the 4 types of leadership behaviour in path-goal leadership model?
-directive
-supportive
-achievement oriented
-participative
what are emerging leadership competencies?
-Emotional intelligence
-social intelligence
-metacognition
what do effective leaders do?
- develop/provide vision
-earn and return trust
-listen and communicate effectively
-persevere when others give up
how does someone develop leadership skills?
- 360 degree feedback
-networking
-executive coaching
-mentoring
-job assign.-> leader positions
-action learning, reflection*, continued learning
what causes organizational change?
-competition
-gov. laws and reg.
- econ/politic pressure
-tech
-employee attitudes
-workforce demograph.
-new equip.
define change agent
person who initiates change (external)
what is the best practice to using the leadership spectrum?
use diff approaches
characteristics of country club mgmt?
-accommodating
-yield and comply
-high ppl, low results
characteristics of impoverished mgmt?
-low ppl and results
-indifferent
-evade and elude
characteristics of authority obedience mgmt?
-controlling
-direct/dominate
-high result, low ppl
characteristics of middle of the road mgmt?
-status quo
-balance/compromise
-mid ppl and results
what are the diff. bases of power?
-legitimate
-reward
-coercive
-expert
-referent (charisma)
-information
-connection
which bases of power are the most important for compliance?
Expert & legitimate power
which bases of power related to subordinates satisfaction/ performance
Expert and referent power
