W2 - Blood supply

Question 1

What is the meaning of anastomosis?

Answer 1

Two arteries join together

Question 2

What is the circle made from many anastomosis called?

Answer 2

Circle of Willis

Question 3

The brain is 2% of the body’s weight, what percentage of oxygen received and cardiac output does the brain get?

Answer 3

20% of oxygen, 15% of cardiac output

Question 4

What is different about the arteries and veins of the brain?

Answer 4

Artery walls are thinner and veins have no elastic layer and valves

Question 5

What is autoregulation in the brain’s blood flow?

Answer 5

It remains constant despite changes in systemic blood pressure

Question 6

What works to maintain the blood flow in the brain?

Answer 6

The dilation and constriction of arterioles mediated by astrocytes in active areas

Question 7

From left to right (looking in anatomical position) list the branches from the aortic arch

Answer 7

Left subclavian, Left common carotid and brachiocephalic (R subcl + CC)

Question 8

What is the artery that arises from the subclavian arteries?

Answer 8

Vertebral arteries

Question 9

What 2 arteries arise from the common carotid arteries

Answer 9

Internal and external carotids

Question 10

Which artery arises from the two vertebral arteries that goes down the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Anterior spinal artery

Question 10

ANT CIRC - Where does the opthalmic artery supply and come from?

Answer 10

Orbit and retina - branches off of the internal carotid artery

Question 11

Are the superior, anterior inferior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries a part of the anterior or posterior circulation

Answer 11

Posterior

Question 11

ANT CIRC - Where does the anterior choroidal artery supply and come from?

Answer 11

Choroidal plexus of lateral + 3rd ventricles, internal capsule and dien/telencephalic structures - branches off internal carotid artery

Question 12

Which arteries anastomose and make up the barrier between the anterior and posterior blood flow?

Answer 12

Anterior part - posterior communicating arteries, posterior part - posterior cerebral arteries

Question 12

ANT CIRC - Where does the anterior cerebral artery supply and come from?

Answer 12

Medial + superior frontal lobe, anterior parietal lobe - branches off internal carotid artery

Question 13

75% or 25% of the blood flow, anterior or posterior and fed by what arteries?

Answer 13

75% - anterior via internal carotids, 25% - posterior via subclavian arteries

Question 13

ANT CIRC - Where does the middle cerebral artery supply and come from?

Answer 13

Lateral + inferior frontal lobe, anterior lateral parietal lobe - branches off internal carotid artery

Question 14

ANT CIRC - Where does the anterior communication artery supply and come from?

Answer 14

Optic chiasm - branches from anterior cerebral artery

Question 14

ANT CIRC - where does the opthalmic artery supply and come from?

Answer 14

Orbit + retina - is a branch of the internal carotid

Question 15

ANT CIRC - What is the posterior communicating artery?

Answer 15

Point of connection between ANT and POST circulatory systems

Question 15

ANT CIRC - where does the anterior choroidal artery supply and come from?

Answer 15

Choroidal plexus of lateral + 3rd ventricles, internal capsule - branch of internal carotid

Question 16

ANT CIRC - where does the anterior cerebral artery supply and come from?

Answer 16

Medial + anterior frontal and anterior parietal - branch of internal carotid

Question 17

ANT CIRC - where does the middle cerebral artery supply and come from?

Answer 17

Lateral + inferior frontal and anterior lateral parietal

Question 18

The striate arteries come from the middle cerebral artery, what two structures do they supply?

Answer 18

Basal ganglia and internal capsule

Question 19

ANT CIRC - where does the anterior communicating artery supply and come from?

Answer 19

Optic chiasm - branch of anterior cerebral artery

Question 20

ANT CIRC - what does the posterior communicating artery do?

Answer 20

Creates border for anterior/posterior circulation with the posterior cerebral artery

Question 21

POST CIRC - where does the posterior cerebral artery supply and come from?

Answer 21

Supplies mesencephalon, occipital lobe and posterior + medial temporal lobe - branches off of basilar artery

Question 22

POST CIRC - where does the basilar artery supply and come from?

Answer 22

Supplies pons - comes from both vertebral arteries coming together

Question 23

POST CIRC - where does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) supply and come from?

Answer 23

Supplies cerebellum - branches from the basilar artery

Question 24

POST CIRC - where does the vertebral arteries apply and come from?

Answer 24

Supplies spinal cord and medulla oblongata - vertebral arises from subclavian arteries

Question 25

POST CIRC - where does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supply and come from?

Answer 25

Supplies dorsal medulla and cerebellum via PICA - branches off of vertebral arteries

Question 26

How many spinal arteries are there?

Answer 26

2 - posterior, 1 - anterior

Question 27

Which side of the brainstem is the posterior circulatory system?

Answer 27

Ventral

Question 28

Does everyone have the classic circle of willis?

Answer 28

No only about 33%

Question 29

Collateral blood supply means…

Answer 29

There are alternate/backup arteries/veins that can take over when another is blocked up or damaged (e.g. between MCA + ACA)

Question 30

What two arteries affect the homunculus?

Answer 30

ACA (anterior cerebral) and MCA (middle cerebral)

Question 31

At lower levels, the anterior/posterior spinal arteries that supply the SC are supplied themselves by what artery?

Answer 31

Radicular

Question 32

Which sinus empties into the jugular vein?

Answer 32

Sigmoid sinus

Question 33

What venous structures are involved with draining from the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 33

Brain - dural venous sinuses (then sigmoid) and Spinal cord - spinal veins