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Functional Neuroanatomy > W2 - Barriers > Flashcards

W2 - Barriers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bone where the brain sits in it’s depression?

A

Cranial fossae

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2
Q

What 3 bones are a part of the anterior cranial fossae?

A

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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3
Q

What 2 bones are a part of the middle cranial fossae?

A

Sphenoid + temporal

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4
Q

What 4 bones are a part of the posterior cranial fossae?

A

Sphenoid, temporal, parietal and occipital

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5
Q

What part of the cranial fossa does the brainstem/cerebellum sit in?

A

Posterior

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6
Q

What part of the cranial fossa does the temporal lobes/pituitary gland sit in?

A

Middle

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7
Q

Which part of the cranial fossa does the frontal lobes/olfactory nerves sit in?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

The dura mater is the most external + hardest meninge, how many layers does it have and what does it connect to in places?

A

2 - periosteal and meningeal, connects to skull in places

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9
Q

Which meninges have blood supply?

A

Dura and arachnoid maters

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10
Q

Where is the CSF stored and then secreted into?

A

Stored in ventricles and secreted into subarachnoid space

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11
Q

Which meninge follows all the contours of the brain and attaches to the basement membrane of the brain’s glial lining?

A

The pia mater`

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12
Q

Which dural reflection is longitudinal (vertical) and which is transverse (horizontal)?

A

Falx cerebri - longitudinal from cranial roof to between hemispheres, Tentorium cerebelli - transverse between cerebrum and cerebellum to side of cranium

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13
Q

Which out of the two dural layers is closer to the bone?

A

Periosteal

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14
Q

What is the incisure called where the brainstem (+ cerebellum) passes through?

A

Tentorial incisure

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15
Q

CSF is similar to plasma, what makes it different?

A

CSF has less proteins

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16
Q

Where do you take a sample of CSF from in a lumbar puncture?

A

Lumbar cistern

17
Q

What 3 parts of the choroid plexus work together to produce CSF?

A

Endothelium, pia cells + ependymal cells

18
Q

What are the four main functions of CSF?

A

Waste elimination, chemical communication, spatial buffer, support/protection

19
Q

Why does CNS float within the CSF?

A

It is less dense than water/the CSF

20
Q

If there is a growth on the brain, the CSF can be displaced to decrease pressure, what function of the CSF does this relate to?

A

Spatial buffer

21
Q

CSF provides a medium for the movement of chemicals and hormones, which function of the CSF does this relate to?

A

Chemical communication

22
Q

What is the word that describes the fact that CSF moves in phase with heart rate?

A

Pulsatile

23
Q

What are the two things that propel movement of CSF?

A

Contraction/pulsation of the arteries, negative pressure in thorax during inspiration = decreased intracranial pressure so CSF moves up into space

24
Q

What does the glymphatic system do?

A

Moves excess fluid and waste into blood

25
Q

What spaces and cells do the glymphatic systems consist of?

A

Interstitial and perivascular spaces and astrocytes

26
Q

During slow wave sleep, what happens to the interstitial space, astrocytes and waste clearance?

A

Astrocytes contact (decrease volume), interstitial space = 60% larger and waste clearance increases

27
Q

What are two examples of toxic molecules that are drained by the glymphatic system?

A

Free radicals + amyloids

28
Q

What two components make up the BBB?

A

Astrocyte end feet action and endothelial tight junctions

29
Q

What are arachnoid villi?

A

1 way valves that allow CSF into the dural sinuses if the subarachnoid pressure is greater than in the sinuses

30
Q

What causes the cisterna magna, lumbar and interpeduncular cisterns to form?

A

Irregularities in surface of CNS mean that pockets of CSF form

31
Q

What can cross the BBB barrier unaided?

A

Any liposoluble substance

32
Q

What are the 3 horns called in the lateral ventricles?

A

Frontal, occipital and temporal

33
Q

Describe the pathway of CSF in ventricles

A

Lateral - foramina monro - 3rd vent - cerebral aqueduct - 4th vent - 2 lateral + 1 mid foramen - subarachnoid space - arachnoid villi - dural sinuses

34
Q

What are the 3 cisterns called?

A

Interpeduncular cistern, lumbar cistern, cisterna magna

Functional Neuroanatomy (13 decks)

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