W1 - Overview of Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does sagittal plane divide?
Left and right
What does coronal plane divide?
Anterior + posterior
What does the transverse plane divide?
Superior + inferior
What does it mean to be rostral?
Towards head/face
What does it mean to be caudal?
Towards tail
What does ventral mean in terms of the brain/spinal cord?
Brain - inferior, spinal cord - anterior/towards belly
What does dorsal mean in terms of the brain/spinal cord?
Brain - superior, spinal cord - posterior/towards back
Why is ventral and dorsal different in the brain vs spinal cord?
Due to flexion of the neural tub during development
Is a sulcus or a fissure deeper?
Fissure
What do sulci give rise to?
Gyrus (gyri - plural)
What primary cortex’s are rostral (frontal lobe)/caudal (parietal lobe) to the central sulcus?
Rostral (frontal)- primary motor cortex. Caudal (parietal) - primary sensory cortex
What primary cortex is present in the occipital and temporal lobes?
Occipital - primary visual. Temporal - primary auditory
What is the area called in the frontal lobe that produces language?
Broca’s area
What is the area called in the temporal lobe that understands language?
Wernicke’s area
Where in the frontal lobe is the area that is responsible for judgement, personality + motor planning?
Rostral/anterior to the primary motor cortex
Where do actions that are slower (e.g. facial + object recognition) go to in the brain?
Temporal visual association area
Where do faster actions (e.g. catching a ball) go to in the brain?
Posterior parietal associated area
What are the 3 actions of the posterior parietal associated area?
Spatial awareness (proprioception), selective attention + somatosensory integration
Are the descending and ascending pathways in the spinal cord motor or sensory?
Descending = motor, ascending = sensory
What two things are a part of the diencephalon?
Thalamus + hypothalamus
Where is the cerebellum located?
Posterior/caudal to the brainstem
What three things make up the brainstem from most ventral to most dorsal?
Medulla oblongata - pons - midbrain
What sits just above the brainstem and what sits under and anterior to that?
Thalamus above brainstem, hypothalamus is just under + anterior to the thalamus
The spinal cord has a ventral and a dorsal cord, which is motor and which is sensory?
Ventral - motor, dorsal - sensory
What is the callosum body made up of?
White matter
Are the cranial nerves that emerge from the brainstem numbered from top to bottom or bottom to top?
Top to bottom
What part of the brain is responsible for regulating all autonomic functions? e.g. hormone production
Hypothalamus
The cerebellum regulates somatic motor output, does it coordinate and initiate movement?
Just coordinates
Which part of the brain is involved in motor learning?
Cerebellum
Somatic and autonomic are both sensory + motor, which one is involuntary and which is voluntary?
Somatic - voluntary/conscious, autonomic - involuntary
