W2

Question 1

______ group of one monosaccharide combines with the _____ of another, releasing molecule of water and form a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage
dehydration reaction “______ bond”

Answer 1

hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide combines with the hydrogen of another, releasing molecule of water and form a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage
dehydration reaction “glyosidic bond”

Question 2

carbohydrate:

_____ carbons and at least two -OH group

Answer 2

carbohydrate:

3-7 carbons and at least two -OH group

Question 3

Lipids:

• _____ hydrocarbon chains
• there are a lot fatty acids because there’re many variations

Lipid are not stuck with each other
-lipids are usually stuck together by a linker

common linkers:
glycerol
serine

______: no double bonds
________: one or more double bonds

saturated: beef, butter, cheese
unsaturated: avocado, sunflower seeds (liquid at room temperature, becuase double bond can’t compact)

Answer 3

Lipids:

• 14-20 hydrocarbon chains
• there are a lot fatty acids because there’re many variations

Lipid are not stuck with each other
-lipids are usually stuck together by a linker

common linkers:
_____
_____

saturated: no double bonds
unsaturated: one or more double bonds

____: beef, butter, cheese
_______: avocado, sunflower seeds (liquid at room temperature, becuase double bond can’t compact)

Question 4

hydroxyl group is sticky, charge base bonding (covalent bond)

Answer 4

hydroxyl group is sticky, charge base bonding (covalent bond)

Question 5

In phospholipids, two of the _____ groups in ______ are linked to fatty acids, while the third –OH group is linked to phosphoric acid. The phosphate is further linked to one of a variety of small polar groups, such as ______.

Answer 5

-In phospholipids, two of the –OH groups in glycerol are linked to fatty acids, while the third –OH group is linked to phosphoric acid. The phosphate is further linked to one of a variety of small polar groups, such as choline.

Question 6

_________: molecules have polar region and non-polar region

Answer 6

amphipathic: molecules have polar region and non-polar region

Question 7

the backbone of protein is highly ______

Answer 7

the backbone of protein is highly reactive

Question 8

carboxyl group (_ terminus)
amino group (_ terminus)

Answer 8

carboxyl group (C terminus)
amino group (N terminus)

Question 9

protein:

each bond forms ______. The ____ group at the end reacts with _____ group of incoming acid.

Answer 9

each bond forms dehydration synthesis. The carboxyl group at the end reacts with amino group of incoming acid.

Question 10

nucleotide:5’ end ____ group and 3’ end free ____ group

Answer 10

nucleotide:5’ end phosphate group and 3’ end free hydroxyl group

Question 11

protein is a flexible, form ______ bond

Answer 11

protein is a flexible, form hydrogen bond

Question 12

Nucleotides are joined together by ____ bonds between __’ and __’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring

Answer 12

Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds between 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring

Question 13

__________ (relative small number of carbohydrate)

Answer 13

oligosaccharides (relative small number of carbohydrate)

Question 14

hydrolysis-A polymer is reduced by the addition of water

Answer 14

hydrolysis-A polymer is reduced by the addition of water

Question 15

carbohydrate:
react anything that is hydrophilic, anything that have polarity on it
not change shape, it’s a ring so it makes it rigid
hydroxyl group is sticky, charge base bonding (covalent bond)

Answer 15

carbohydrate:
react anything that is hydrophilic, anything that have polarity on it
not change shape, it’s a ring so it makes it rigid
hydroxyl group is sticky, charge base bonding (covalent bond)

Question 16

_______: molecules have polar region and non-polar region

Answer 16

amphipathic: molecules have polar region and non-polar region

Question 17

in protein, each bond forms dehydration synthesis. The _____ group at the end reacts with _______ group of incoming acid

Answer 17

in protein, each bond forms dehydration synthesis. The carboxyl group at the end reacts with amino group of incoming acid

Question 18

Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds(covalent bond) between __’ and __’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring (_______)

Answer 18

Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds(covalent bond) between 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring (phosphodiester)

Question 19

nucleotide is _______ without phosphate

Answer 19

the nucleotide is nucleotide without phosphate

Question 20

amino group has partial group

Answer 20

amino group has partial group

Question 21

About half of the 20 naturally occurring amino
acids have ______side chains. In folded proteins,
many of these side chains face toward the inside of a
folded-up globular protein, because they are repelled
from water.
NH2 ____
OH ____ (2.2,3.44)
CO _____ (2.58.3.44)
SH _____ (2.58,2.22)
CH ______ (2.55,2.2)
H2C ______ (2,2,2.55)
CS_____ (2.55,2.58)

Answer 21

About half of the 20 naturally occurring amino
acids have hydrophobic side chains. In folded proteins,
many of these side chains face toward the inside of a
folded-up globular protein, because they are repelled
from water.
NH2 polar
OH polar (2.2,3.44)
CO polar (2.58.3.44)
SH polar (2.58,2.22)
CH non-polar (2.55,2.2)
H2C non-polar (2,2,2.55)
CS non-polar (2.55,2.58)

Question 22

______hydrocarbon tails contain only
nonpolar bonds. Thus, they cannot _______in
hydrogen-bonding and are repelled from water. We

Answer 22

Hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails contain only
nonpolar bonds. Thus, they cannot participate in
hydrogen-bonding and are repelled from water. We

Question 23

_______molecules have both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic end. structure. Consequently, the hydrophobic ends of amphipathic molecules tend to be exposed to air at air–water interfaces, or, in the interior of an aqueous solution, they will always cluster together to minimize their contact with water molecules.

Answer 23

Amphipathic molecules have both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic end. structure. Consequently, the hydrophobic ends of amphipathic molecules tend to be exposed to air at air–water interfaces, or, in the interior of an aqueous solution, they will always cluster together to minimize their contact with water molecules.

Question 24

amylopectin: sites that might form bonds

Answer 24

amylopectin: sites that might form bonds

Question 25

N terminus(carboxyl group)

Answer 25

N terminus(carboxyl group)

Question 26

Nucleotides are joined together by _______bonds(covalent bond) between 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring (phosphodiester)

Answer 26

Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds(covalent bond) between 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of the sugar ring (phosphodiester)

Question 27

nucleotides act as short-term carriers of chemical energy

Answer 27

nucleotides act as short-term carriers of chemical energy

Question 28

beta glyosidic bond(_____), usually carbohydrate doesn’t mix the bond type

Answer 28

beta glyosidic bond(across), usually carbohydrate doesn’t mix the bond type

Question 29

alpha glyosidic _____)

Answer 29

alpha glyosidic (same side)

Question 30

carbohydrate:

dehydration reaction “_____bond”

Answer 30

dehydration reaction “glyosidic bond”

Question 31

enzyme can interconvert carbohydrate (linear, different rings)

Answer 31

enzyme can interconvert carbohydrate (linear, different rings)

Question 32

carbohydrate provide material to build _____
_________
_______ provide aid in muscle movement, provide immunity
_____: store genetic information, directs growth and development
lipids:
_____, _______ and insulate organs, material used for cell membrane

Answer 32

carbohydrate provide material to build cell membrane
quick energy for cells
proteins provide protein, aid in muscle movement, provide immunity
nucleic acids: store genetic information, directs growth and development
lipids:
store energy, cushion and insulate organs, material used for cell membrane

Question 33

example of carbohydrate:
sucrose
glucose
fructose
they go through Dehydration reaction to form “glycosidic bond”
Mono-, di-, oligo- and poly-
Gycosidic bonds are in α or β configuration.
They differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1

Answer 33

example of carbohydrate:
___________
___________
___________
they go through Dehydration reaction to form “glycosidic bond”
Mono-, di-, oligo- and poly-
________ bonds are in α or β configuration.
They differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1

Question 34

Phospholipids are composed of two _________ tails joined to a ________ head. In an aqueous environment, the _______ tails pack together to ______ water, forming a lipid ________, with the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules on the outside, facing the aqueous environment, and the hydrophobic tails on the inside.

Answer 34

Phospholipids are composed of two hydrophobic fatty acid tails joined to a hydrophilic head. In an aqueous environment, the hydrophobic tails pack together to exclude water, forming a lipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules on the outside, facing the aqueous environment, and the hydrophobic tails on the inside.