L1

Question 1

bond type:
ionic 
hydrogen
dispersion
hydrophobic

Answer 1

bond type:
ionic 
hydrogen
dispersion
hydrophobic

Question 2

A _______, also known as an amide bond, is a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain

Answer 2

A peptide bond, also known as an amide bond, is a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain

Question 3

_______: (how much a electron like to receive)

Increase the ______, increase the pull to attract electron

Answer 3

Electronegativity: (how much a electron like to receive)

Increase the proton, increase the pull to attract electron

Question 4

proton: ____ charge

Answer 4

proton: postive charge

Question 5

Because they are \_\_\_\_\_\_, two
adjacent H2O molecules can form
a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_linkage known as a
hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds
have only about \_\_\_\_\_ the strength
of a covalent bond.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between partially charged atoms in a molecule

Answer 5

Because they are polarized, two
adjacent H2O molecules can form
a noncovalent linkage known as a
hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds
have only about 1/20 the strength
of a covalent bond.
attractions between partially charged atoms in a molecule

Question 6

Although a water molecule has an overall neutral charge (having the same number of electrons and protons), the electrons are asymmetrically distributed, making the molecule polar.

Answer 6

Although a water molecule has an overall neutral charge (having the same
number of electrons and protons), the electrons are asymmetrically distributed,
making the molecule polar.

Question 7

Substances that dissolve readily in water are termed hydrophilic. They include
ions and polar molecules that attract water molecules through electrical charge
effects

Answer 7

Substances that dissolve readily in water are termed hydrophilic. They include
ions and polar molecules that attract water molecules through electrical charge
effects

Question 8

______ substances such as sodium chloride
dissolve because water molecules are
attracted to the positive (Na+) or negative
(Cl_) charge of each ion.

Answer 8

Ionic substances such as sodium chloride
dissolve because water molecules are
attracted to the positive (Na+) or negative
(Cl_) charge of each ion.

Question 9

Water molecules are not attracted to such
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_molecules and so have little
tendency to surround them and bring them
into solution.
hydrocarbon are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 9

Water molecules are not attracted to such
hydrophobic molecules and so have little
tendency to surround them and bring them
into solution.
hydrocarbon are hydrophobic

Question 10

Electrons have no \_\_\_\_\_\_ position in atoms, compounds and molecules (see image below) but have probabilities of being found in certain spaces (orbitals).
If these are on alternate carbon
atoms, the bonding electrons move
within the molecule, stabilizing the
structure by a phenomenon called
resonance.

Answer 10

Electrons have no stable position in atoms, compounds and molecules (see image below) but have probabilities of being found in certain spaces (orbitals).
If these are on alternate carbon
atoms, the bonding electrons move
within the molecule, stabilizing the
structure by a phenomenon called
resonance.

Question 11

_________attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule.
The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example, the covalent bonds) are known as _______attractions.

Answer 11

Intermolecular attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule.
The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example, the covalent bonds) are known as intramolecular attractions.

Question 12

electrons are mobile, and at any one instant they might find themselves towards one end of the molecule, making that end -. The other end will be temporarily short of electrons and so becomes +

Answer 12

electrons are mobile, and at any one instant they might find themselves towards one end of the molecule, making that end -. The other end will be temporarily short of electrons and so becomes +

Question 13

The reason that the boiling points increase as you go down the group is that the number of electrons increases, and so also does the radius of the atom. The more electrons you have, and the more distance over which they can move, the bigger the possible temporary dipoles and therefore the bigger the dispersion forces.

Answer 13

The reason that the boiling points increase as you go down the group is that the number of electrons increases, and so also does the radius of the atom. The more electrons you have, and the more distance over which they can move, the bigger the possible temporary dipoles and therefore the bigger the dispersion forces.

Question 14

Substances that release hydrogen ions (protons) into solution are called ____.

Answer 14

Substances that release hydrogen ions (protons) into solution are called ____.

Question 15

weak acids—for example,
the group (), which dissociates to give a
hydrogen ion in solution.

Answer 15

weak acids—for example,
the carboxyl group (–COOH), which dissociates to give a
hydrogen ion in solution.

Question 16

Substances that _____the number of hydrogen ions in
solution are called ____. Some _____, such as ammonia,
combine directly with hydrogen ions.

Answer 16

Substances that reduce the number of hydrogen ions in
solution are called bases. Some bases, such as ammonia,
combine directly with hydrogen ions.

Question 17

Many bases found in cells are partially associated with H+ ions and are termed _____bases.
This is true of compounds that
contain an_______ (–NH2), which has a _____tendency
to reversibly accept an H+ ion from water, thereby
increasing the concentration of free OH– ions.

Answer 17

Many bases found in cells are partially associated with H+ ions and are termed weak bases.
This is true of compounds that
contain an amino group (–NH2), which has a weak tendency
to reversibly accept an H+ ion from water, thereby
increasing the concentration of free OH– ions.

Question 18

_______like alcohols contain polar bonds that can form and mix well with water

Answer 18

Hydrophilic like alcohols contain polar bonds that can form and mix well with water

Question 19

higher number of ______, meaning higher number of hydrogen. so more acidic

Answer 19

higher number of hydronium, meaning higher number of hydrogen. so more acidic

Question 20

Ionization energy(energy require to pull the electron)
Increase in proton, so increase

Answer 20

Ionization energy(energy require to pull the electron)
Increase in proton, so increase

Question 21

When an electron jumps from one atom to another, two ions of opposite charge are generated; these ions are held together by mutual attraction forming a noncovalent ionic bond

Answer 21

When an electron jumps from one atom to another, two ions of opposite charge are generated; these ions are held together by mutual attraction forming a noncovalent ionic bond

Question 22

The most diverse and versatile class of macromolecules are proteins,
which are formed from 20 types of amino acids that are covalently
linked by peptide bonds into long polypeptide chains

Answer 22

The most diverse and versatile class of macromolecules are proteins,
which are formed from 20 types of amino acids that are covalently
linked by peptide bonds into long polypeptide chains

Question 23

Noncovalent bonds form between the covalently linked subunits of a macromolecule such as a polypeptide or RNA chain causing the chain to fold into a
unique shape. These noncovalent bonds include hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, van der Waals attractions, and hydrophobic interactions. Because these interactions are weak, they can be broken with relative ease; thus, most macromolecules can be unfolded by heating, which increases thermal motion

Answer 23

Noncovalent bonds form between the covalently linked subunits of a macromolecule such as a polypeptide or RNA chain causing the chain to fold into a
unique shape. These noncovalent bonds include hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, van der Waals attractions, and hydrophobic interactions. Because these interactions are weak, they can be broken with relative ease; thus, most macromolecules can be unfolded by heating, which increases thermal motion

Question 24

In general, a _________ can form whenever a positively charged H atom held in one molecule by a polar covalent linkage comes close to a _______ charged atom— typically an oxygen or a nitrogen—belonging to another molecule

Answer 24

In general, a hydrogen bond can form whenever a positively charged H atom held in one molecule by a polar covalent linkage comes close to a negatively charged atom— typically an oxygen or a nitrogen—belonging to another molecule

Question 25

Because they are polarized, two
adjacent H2O molecules can form 2
a noncovalent linkage known as a hydrogen bond.

Answer 25

Because they are polarized, two
adjacent H2O molecules can form 2
a noncovalent linkage known as a hydrogen bond.