W12 Energy from protein Flashcards
what process can we get energy from sugars and fats
catabolism
what makes an amino acid
transamination
what is transamination
donating of NH2 group from AA to keto acid
aspartate + a-ketoglutarate
why is transamination used
to create non-essential amino. acids
what is a common transamination molecule
alanine
how do we get energy from AAs
oxidative phosphorylarion
gluconeogenesis
ketogenesis
what and when are ketone bodies made
small molecules made in liver during fasting and exercise
where are fatty acids stored
adipose cells and high energy stores
where does fatty acid metabolism by beta oxidation happen
in mitochondrial matrix
how is b-oxidation activated
binding to coenzyme a
how does b-oxidation work
2H from NAD+ AND FAD
to create acetyl coA
what does coenzyme a form with carboxylic acids
thioester bonds
what are the steps to b-oxidarion
coenzymes A forms thioester bonds w carboxylic acid
activation of long chain FA
removal of 2H atoms
addition of water
removal of 2H
removal of 2C units
what is the activating enzyme of b-oxidation pathway
cytosol
how many NADH AND FADH2 is made from b-oxidation of 16c FA
7
how many acetyl CoA from 16C FA
8
how much ATP from 1 mol of glucose
32 mol ATP
how are ketone bodies converted
from excess acetyl CoA
what is released into blood stream from excess TCA cycle
acetoacetate
b-hydroxybutyrate
what are the 2 TCA cycle intermediates
acetyl CoA
succinate
what energy store does the brain use
glucose and ketone bodies
cant use FA
