W1.1

Question 1

Immunology

Answer 1

the study of the molecues, cells, organs (immune system) responsible for responding to foreign material

Question 2

how immunology is practiced

Answer 2

immune system recognizes and eliminates foreign (non-self) material, particularly infectious agents

Question 3

why immunology is practiced

Answer 3

to survive infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites)

Question 4

organization of the immune system

Answer 4

Immune cells, Lymphoid organs, immune arms

Question 5

2 arms of the immune system

Answer 5

Innate immunity, adaptive immunity

Question 6

immune system cells - innate

Answer 6

Neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages

Question 7

neutrophils

Answer 7

1st line of defense 
Kill pathogens (foot soldiers) 
Aka polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)

Question 8

dendritic cells

Answer 8

Kill and present pathogens to adaptive immune cells (foot soldiers and informants)

Question 9

macrophages

Answer 9

Kill and present pathogens, clean-up (foot soldiers and informants)

Question 10

immune system cells - adaptive

Answer 10

T Lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes

Question 11

T lymphocytes

Answer 11

CD4 T helper (Th) lymphocytes = commanders; CD8 T cytotoxic (Tc) lymphocytes = commandoes

Question 12

B lyphocytes

Answer 12

B cells = archers/Drone controllers

Produce antibodies that neutralize/kill pathogens long distance

Question 13

Innate immune system characteristics

Answer 13

Non-specific - responds to groups of pathogens, not specific pathogens
Fast
Capacity for maximum response already there
Many cells present
Cells deploy rapidly
No memory - when exposed again to same pathogen innate response is not augmented

Question 14

TcRs

Answer 14

CD4+ (Th) and CD8+ (Tc)

Question 15

BcRs

Answer 15

B cells have BcR = antibodies on surface

Question 16

CD4+ T helper cells (Th) [activation, role]

Answer 16

Activated by the TCR (T cell receptor) binding and recognizing its cognate ligand antigen presented by Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II
Make cytokines: chemicals to communicate with other cells
Role : activation of B cells and Tc cells

Question 17

CD8+ T cytotoxic (Tc) [activation,role]

Answer 17

Activated by the TCR binding and recognizing its cognate ligand antigen presented by MHC I
Role : kill “infected” or damages cells

Question 18

B cell Receptor (activation and abs)

Answer 18

Upon activation, B cells proliferate and can become plasma cells that secrete antibodies
Abs : Y-shaped proteins that bind pathogens, toxins,…
Glycoproteins = immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies (5 distinct classes : IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD)
Role : to combine with antigen; allow for immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens

Question 19

Glycoproteins

Answer 19

immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies (5 distinct classes: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD