W10 Social Influences Flashcards
Bowlby’s Model of Attachment
Theory in which attachment figures (caregivers for infants and later in development peers, friends, and romantic partners) serve several functions necessary for survival—providing a safe haven to return to in times of stress and being a secure base from which to launch explorations into the world
Social baseline theory
Evolutionary argument that the presence of a benevolent partner reduces our vigilance to threat through risk distribution
Risk distribution
In ancestral times, when the social groups size increases, the spread of environmental for each person in the group decreases
Perceived Support
the perception that others will be available to help in the future if needed
Actual, tangible, enacted, received support
Support that is emotional or tangible
Invisible support
Support that is given when the receiver does not notice it
Thriving through relationships
the model of thriving through relationships proposes that social relationships is one way for individuals to thrive (in aspects such as SWB, mental, physical and relational health)
Relational Catalyst Support
relationships help to facilitate the reaching of goals and overcoming of challenges by serving as a catalyst for personal growth and thriving. closely attached to bowlby’s attachment theory
Self-Expansion Theory
People are motivated to expand their self concept through perspectives and resources, and this occurs when the individual and the person they are close to has concepts that overlap. this can also apply to looser ties.
Michaelangelo phenomenon
Social partners are also active participants in their partners’ personal development - they promote or hinder growth towards the ideal self through partner affirmations
Ideal self
the ideal self is an individual’s explicit/clearly defined set of goals to reach for self, or a vague ambition/aspiration.
Partner affirmation
Partners who see their partners as already possessing the attributes of their ideal self , and treat their partner as if they are that ideal self, actually elicit aspects of that ideal self through interactions that build one another up.
Compassionate goals
Goals that are supportive of others and are motivated by genuine concern for the other person - sees relationships with others as an ecosystem and acts interdependently
Self-image goals
Goals that work towards constructing and maintaining a desirable public and private image of self, motivated by concern for one’s owns needs and desires - egocentric and acts independently. sees relationships as zero-sum affairs
Passionate vs companionate love
Passionate love - feelings of attraction and excitement for another partner
Companionate love - feelings of liking and warmth for someone else
(both of which tie to the rewards system)
find-remind-bind model
model of gratitude that has social functions:
- signals which people makes good partners
- reminds us of their generosity, good attributes
- promotes behaviours that facilitate bonding & intimacy
capitalization
people often respond to positive events by telling someone else about it, to receive more positive affect through validation
active-constructive repsonses
entail excitement and enthusiasm, and interest in continuing the conversation
passive-constructive responses
entail calm emotions of low activation, but shows restrained information in the interaction
active-destructive responses
shows interest in interaction but is responding negatively and discouragingly, diminishing the positive event
passive-destructive
shows little interest in interaction and shrugs off topic, steering the conversation to something else
objective social variables
factors that are based on evidence rather than opinions or emotions, focusing in quantifiable variables such as number of social ties, frequency of shared activities etc.
social integration
active engagement and participation in a broad range of social relationships
subjective social variables
factors that are based more on opinions and feelings about social relationships rather than actual evidence - for instance, social support. how well supported an individual feels, and is part of a social network
social support
a social network of psychological and material resources that can benefit an individual
daily diary methodology
individuals report on their relationships on a regular basis (i.e. 3 times a day)
SWB
low NA, high PA, life satisfaction
health
complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of diseases
health behaviours
behaviours/activities that promote health such as no smoking, exercising, dietary consumption
ostracism
excluding and ignoring an individual (denial of social relationships)
shunning
temporary period where a member is stripped off social contact for punishment
confidante
a trusted person whom secrets and vulnerabilities can be shared with
formal vs informal relationships
formal - bound by rules of politeness, need to exert self-control
informal - casual relationships, can express thoughts more freely, more authentic (more comfortable and hence probably more rewarding)
psychopathy
inability to empathise, egocentricity
narcissism
need for self-admiration, glorification
Machiavellianism
being cunning, strategic or manipulative in a relationship
