Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BLOCK 4 > W1 LEC 12- CHEST TRAUMA > Flashcards

W1 LEC 12- CHEST TRAUMA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

Life threatening thoracic injuries can lead to

A
  • hypoxia
  • hypoventilation
    -Shock
  • Death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support): The Initial
Assessment

A

Primary survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to stop catastrophic bleeding?

A
  • Compression
  • Tourniquet
  • Foleys Balloon catheter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Things carried out on primary survey

A
  • Monitors: ECG, O2 Saturations, Non-Invasive BP (NIBP)

● Radiology
●X-rays
●Ultrasound

● Blood Tests
●Blood gases
●Crossmatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary survey follows which approach?

A
  1. C- catastrophic bleeding
  2. A- Airways
  3. B- Breathing injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to manage airway injury?

A
  • Secure the airway:
    ● Intubate – put a tube down the trechea to ensure supply of oxygen
    ● Cricothyroidotomy- surgical procedure used to establish an airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the most common chest traumas

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Flail chest
  • Pulmonary contusion
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Massive Haemothorax
  • Cardiac Tamponade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the basic procedures useful in maintaining airways

A
  • Jaw Thrust
  • OPA
  • NPA
  • Suction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An airway adjunct used in combination with BVM mask on patients without gag reflex.
Also, it ceases suction

NB// A Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) is a critical tool used in emergency medicine and resuscitation to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately

A

oropharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 basic air way adjuncts?

A
  1. oropharynyngeal
  2. Nasopharyngeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Airway adjunct used on patients with gag reflex who are without head traumas

A

nasopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do we find on examination of patients with breathing injury?

A

– Unilateral decreased breath sounds
– Unilateral chest rise
– Hyper-resonance
– Dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pneumothorax can be a result of…

A
  • Penetrating trauma
    ● Blunt trauma
    ● Iatrogenic – From medical intervention side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pneumothorax leads to_____due to lung collapse

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is normally found during diagnosis with pneumothorax?

A
  • Hyper-resonance to percussion
    ● Unilateral decreased breath sounds
    ● Ultrasound/CXR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the possible treatment of pneumothorax?

A

Tube thoracostomy – “chest drain”

10
Q

What is neccessary for supportive care of a patient with flail chest?

A
  • Oxygen
  • ICD if associated pneumothorax
  • Intubate if needed
  • Most important – Analgesia!!! – Morphine is your best
    friend
11
Q

What is normally found on patient diagnosis with flail chest?

A

2 or more fractured ribs (adjacent) in 2 or
more places

12
Q

Discuss pulmonary contusion

A

Secondary to blunt chest trauma.
* Damage to capillaries results in blood and other fluids accumulating in the lung tissue.
* The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange, potentially leading to hypoxia

12
Q

What is normally found on examination of patient with pulmonary contusion?

A
  • Dull to percussion
  • Crepitations
12
Q

What are the features of inadequate ventilation?

A
  • Fast or slow rate
  • Irregular rhythm
  • Abnormal lung sounds
  • Reduced tidal volume
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • Cool, pale, diaphoretic, cyanotic skin
12
Q

Management of pulmonary contusion

A
  • Supportive
  • Oxygen
  • Ventilation
  • Analgesia
13
Q

Symptoms seen prior to diagnoses wiith Tension Pneumothorax

A
  • Shock
    ● Severe respiratory distress
    ● Distended neck veins
    ● Unilateral decrease in breath sounds
    ● Hyper-resonance
    ● Cyanosis (late sign)
    ● Ultrasound: No lung sliding
  • Mediastinal shift
14
Q

What is the possible treatment for Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Immediate decompression by needle or finger, followed
by ICD

14
Q

A chest trauma defined as > 1500 ml blood loss into the chest cavity

A

Massive Haemothorax

14
Q

What is the cause of hemothoraxx?

A

Major vessel disruption – penetrating or blunt

15
Q

What is the available Hemothoraxx treatment?

A
  • Blood product resuscitation
    ● ICD
    ● Will likely require theatre
15
Q

Symptoms or signs seen prior to being diagnosed with massive hemothoraxx

A
  • Shock with no breath sounds
  • Percussion dullness
  • Flat neck veins
  • Ultrasound: fluid around lung,
  • CXR: ‘white out’ of lung
16
Q

Discuss cardiac temponade as one of the chest traumas

A
  • Blood in the pericardial sac
  • Prevents filling of the heart
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • “Stab heart” most common in our setting
17
Q

What is the diagnoses of Cardiac Tamponade?

A
  • Pulsus Paradoxus-very much decreased systolic BP on inspiration, by a factor of 10 n more
  • Distended neck veins, Muffled heart sounds, hypotension.
    ECG
  • Pulseless electrical activity
  • Ultrasound: fluid in the pericardial sac, CXR
18
Q

When is an intercoastal drain indicated?

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Tension Pneumothorax
  • Heamothorax
19
Q

Discuss an intercoastal drain and its significance

A
  • Flexible tube
  • Pleural space
  • Drain air or fluid
  • Re-establish negative
    intrathoracic pressure
  • Lung re-expansion
19
Q

Steps involved in putting up the intercoastal drain

A
  1. Local Anaesthetic
    * 10ml 1/2%
    lignocaine
    * 21/22 gauge
    needle
    * Skin, pleura
  2. Incision
    * Scalpel
    * 2cm incision
    * Upper rib border
    * Just the skin
  3. Blunt dissection
  4. Finger sweep
  5. Insert drain
    - Make sure drain is clamped
    * Insert into pleural space (posteriorly)
    * Insert to 15cm mark.
  6. Tube insertion
  7. Attach underwater drain
    - Attach drain
    * Remove clamp
    * Observe for bubbling and
    swinging
  8. Secure drain with suture and dress
20
Q

What is the anatomical site for intercoastal drain?

A

5th ICS (intercoastal space) just anterior to MAL (4th to 6th)

21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
A
24
Q
A

BLOCK 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions