L 13-Restrictive Lung Diseases

Question 1

What is the principle feature of Restrictive lung disease?

Answer 1

thickening of the interstitium

Question 2

3 anatomical sites of the causes of restrictive lung diseases. Like name 3 regions in the lung where you can expect the causes of restrictive lung disease to occur

Answer 2

1. Parenchymal
   -Fibrosing diseases
   -Occupational
   -Granulomatous
2. Chest wall
3. Pleura

Question 3

What is the interstitium?

Answer 3

The space between the air sacs and the pulmonary capillaries

Question 4

Discuss the pathology of the parenchymal RLD

Answer 4

• Infiltration of interstitium with neutrophils, plasma cells,MACROPHAGES…following its insult by foreign invader
• Cytokines released by these cells activate and draw fibroblasts in the area
• These will secrete large amounts of collagen to the site
• Desquamation: Cellular exudate enters alveolar wall
• End-stage: honeycomb, destroyed alveolar
  architecture and scarring leading to air- filled cystic spaces formed by dilated terminal and respiratory bronchioles

Desquamation: shedding or peeling of the epithelial cells lining the alveoli

Cellular exudate: inflammatory fluid and inflammatory cells from the interstitium enter alveoli

Question 4

Partly contribute to neutrophil accumulation on acute lung injury

Answer 4

Complement and kinin activation

-Neutrophils generate inflammatory mediators and free radicals
*Hyaline membrane, hemorrhage and patchy atelectasis develop