Lec 1 week 1-FUNCT MORPHOLOGY OF THE LUNG Flashcards
Name the 7 accessory muscles of respiration
- Serratus superior posterior
- Levator costae
- Serratus inferior posterior
- Pectoralis muscles
- Serratus anterior
- Scalenus anterior
- Stenorcleidomastoid
Of the 7 accessory muscles, which is that one that deviates from the others by depressing the rib cage?
Serratus inferior posterior
*All the others elevate the rib cage aiding with inspiration
Supplied by the phrenic nerve C3 C4 C5
Diaphragm
Supplied by long thoracic nerve
serratus anterior
Medial and
lateral Pectoral nerves C6-8
pectoralis minor and major
Supplied by anterior rami spinal nerves
serratus superior posterior and serratus inferior posterio
Supplied by posterior rami
levator costae
Supplied by Anterior rami cervical spinal nerves
(C4-6 and C3-8)
Scalenus anterior/ medius
Supplied by Accessory nerve
Sternocleidomastoid
Discuss the structures passes from the skin to the lung
skin»superficial fascial»external intercostal muscle»internal intercoastal»innermost»endothoracic fascia»parietal pleura»pleural cavity»visceral pleura»lung
During inspiration, which 2 muscles increase volume or diameter of the thoracic cavity?
vertical diameter- diaphragm
horizontal diameter- pectoralis muscles; serratus anterior; external intercostals
Features unique to the right lung
- 3 lobes (oblique fissure and horizontal fissure)
- Larger and heavier, but shorter due to the presence of the liver underneath it
- Lacks a cardiac notch
- Lacks lingula
- The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical, making it more prone to aspiration of foreign objects.
Features unique to the left lung
- 2 lobes oblique fissure
- Cardiac notch
- Lingula (extends below cardiac notch)
- The left main bronchus is narrower, longer, and more horizontal
Largest subdivison
of a lobe of the lung. Much useful when planning for surgery
Bronchopulmonary segments
*~10 per lung
Where is the site of ‘nerve collection’ in the lungs called the pulmonary plexus found?
hilum of each lung
Process where air is drawn into the lungs through the nose or mouth, traveling down the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles via conducting pathways
convection
Primary mechanism by which gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) move across the respiratory membrane in the lungs and between the blood and tissues
Diffussion
Histological features of the RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
- Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Goblet cells- secrete mucus
- Brush boarder- cilia (be sweeping mucus)
- Small granule cells: scattered throughout the respiratory epithelium, from the trachea to the bronchioles. found near the basal layer of the epithelium and are characterized by their small size and the presence of dense-core granules within their cytoplasm.
- Basal cells- found in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining the respiratory tract, including the trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles. Located at the base of the epithelium. They serve as progenitor cells that maintain, regenerate, and repair the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract
What are Goblet cells in the bronchioles termed? *Known as the unique cells of the bronchioles
Club cells (are non-ciliated columnar epithelium)
*are secretory or exocrine
Discuss histology of trachea outside -in
- mucosa
- Submucosa
- Tracheal cartilage
Alveolar duct per lung
150 to 200 million
Small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli in the lungs. Found in the interalveolar septum. Provide an alternative pathway for air to flow between adjacent alveoli.
pores of Kohn
Name the layers making the blood-gas barrier in the lung
capillary endothelium»fused basal laminae (from both the capillary and the alveoli)»type 1 pneumocyte
