W1,2,3 Medical emergency Flashcards
What is the role of a OHT in a medical emergency?
Manage symptoms
Call for help.
Maintain treatment until pt regains consciousness or assistance arrives
Define Syncope?
Transient seelf-limiting loss of consciousness. Clinical manifestations:
spontaneous falling.
Prevelance ↑ with age and can caus significant morbidity in the eldery
What is the managment of synope with a conscious pt?
Stop dental tx
- asses airways
- recline chair so pt is supine
- place pt in the recovery position
- monitor the pt pulse and bp
- Cool compress on their forehead.
CALL 000
What is the management of chest pain?
Making the client comfortable.
- ANti anginal medication and angina management if patient has angina.
If no medical history of angina but reports pain may be worse acute MI.
Call for help 000, and rd bag.
- Monitor vital signs
- Give asprin 300mg chewed or swalling)
- Reassure pt.
What is management of angina
If the patient is accustomd to treating their angina with their own medication.
If they dont have own medication (Glyceryl Trinitrate sublingually is a drug of choice to shorted the attack, and administration would be decidd on by the team.
Do no administrate directly yourself, assist pt. ** Glyceryl Trinitrate should NOT be administered within the 3-5 days of tadalafil (Cialis), or within 24 hrs of sildnafil (viagra) or vardnafil (Lvitra0
How do you manage ocular chemical emergency?
Prevention: PPE. Cause: - Chemicals (irrigation solutions) - Foreign bodies (calc, filling frag) - Penetrating objects (burs, endo instru).
Cease dental tx. Remove contact lensees. Continud irrigation with eye opeen and exposd to water. Arrange GP same day. If moderate call 000
What is the management of foreign body ocular emergency?
- Cease dental tx
- Do not touch y surface, do not attempt to remove.
- GP
- Arrange for transfer of pt/staff to emergency dep.
What is a wheez regarding rspiratory symptoms?
Heard of expiration associated with asthma. Unreliable indicator of the severity of the asthma attack
What is stidor?
Respiratory symptoms. TYpe of wheeze on inspiration - high pitched breath sounds. Common whn foreign body obstruction
What are more symptoms of respiratory?
↑ use of accssory muscles
- Coughing spasms
- Altered level of concsiousnss
What is the management of respiratory difficulties?
Breathing exercises.
If pt dos not have a known mdicale hx, get red bag and assistance, follow protocol for mild asthma attack.
Call 000
What is hyprvntilation syndrome?
Pt ovrbreathing. Extremely common particularly in pts suffering anxiety, dental phobia etc.
Symptoms of hyprventilation confused with snycope, acute asthma attack or myocardial infarction Best observation pt, reassuring pt and listning to their neds
What is the managemnt of hyprventilation?
Cease dental tx. Reassur pt, to slow breath. Cupping hands over mouth, breathing expired air. Do no immediatly give oxygn. If not responsiv call 000 & red bag.
What is an acute asthma attack?
Can b fatal.
Evaluate severity of symptoms
nsure pt brings bronchodilator if history.
DOCUMNT THE FOLLOWING: Types of medication use to manage asthma, - Asthma action plan - Triggers - Last attack.
If symptoms of an asthma attach cas tx.
How to manage a mild asthma attack
Instruct pt to tak 4 puffs of short acting bronchodilator inhaler via space. Take 4 braths in and out aftre each puff.
Wait 4 min
Repeat 4x4x4
- Asses pt
How to manage moderate to sevree asthma
Call 000 and for red bag,
- 4x4x4 rule continue this method until assistance arrives, whilst giving oxygen continuously.
Consider asking principle dentist to administer salbutamol 5mg. (ventolin)
Monitor pt.
What is the management of an inhaled or swallowed object ?
Prevention is paramount. Cease dental tx. Check to identify if it is present in pt mouth or clothes. If yes, remove it. If no, sit pt upright. - Check pt vital signs and symptoms Do not allow pt to at or drink. Ask for chest radiograph - Ask DA to search suction filters and tubing.
IF PARTIAL AIRWAY obstruction call 000.
- Relax, deep breathing.
Define wheeze and it’s contraindications?
Heard on expiration, associated with asthma,
Contraindicated as it is not a reliable indicator.
Define stridor
Type of wheeze on inspiration, higher pitched sound, Indicative of obstructd airways.
What is thee management of wheeze and stridor?
Call for red bag and assistance. Follow protocol for mild asthma attack:
- 4x4x4 rule
- Temporise dental tx.
- Give 4 x puffs of short acting bronchodilator via spacer.
- 1 x puffs at a time.
( Pt ptakes 4 x breathin and out of the spacer each puff.
- Wait 4 min,
- 000 + red bag
How do you manage hyperventilation?
It is over breathing. Observe pt, reassure and listen to their needs.
Cease dx.
How do you manage inhaled or a swallowed object?
Prevention with gauze, floss, do not use if has a chance of falling into mouth - Sit the patient upright, do not allow pt to drink.
- Arrange chest x-ray
- Ask DA to search suction filters
What is a characteristic of a stroke?
Weakness or numbness.
- Difficulty with movemnt on 1 side.
- Paralysis of the face/arm/leg or both sides.
- Blurred vision + headache + diff swallowing
- Tranisent loss of vision
How would you manage a stroke?
Cease dx. Call 000 + redbag Give oxy Maintain airways Monitor vital signs
What are the characterists of a stroke?
Can be a manifestation of a underlying conditions.
(epilepsy, syncope, stroke, hypoglycaemia, stroke, cerebral hypoxia, fever).
• Aura (seeing lights)
• Sudden muscl spasms
• Jerky movement
• Loss of consciousness
How do you manage a seizure?
Status epilepticus (seizures without recovery) – call 000
Recovery position, make comfortable
Keep appointment short for pt
Clear obstructed airways
Don’t allow to drive home
Black out sunglasses for sensory seizurs (PREVENTION)
What are the characteristics of hypoglycaemia?
Can occur at anytime. Inappropriate ↑ does of insulin Forgotten or delayed meals Insufficient carbohydrates Excessive alcohol Unaccustomed exercise. Andrenergic: pale skin, sweating, shaking, palpitations & anxiety. Neuroglycopenic: hunger, suboptimal intellectual function, confusing, seizures. Diabetic pts.
How would you manage hypoglycaemia?
Obtain thorough med hex.
GLUCODIN!
Cease dx tx.
Fruit juice, lemonaid, jelly beans, honey – followed by sandwich or dry fruit.
Diabetic pts prefer MORNING appointments (5.6-6.9mmol/L) mini molarity blood per sugar (ask if they have eaten today.
<5mmol/L don’t perform tx.
What are the characteristics of hypersensitivy reeactions
• Allergy
• Exaggerated response
PREVENTION
1. Skin: itching (uticardia), flushing, swelling (angioedema), hives
2. GIT: cramps, nausea, vomiting, incontinence
3. Respiratory: tightness in chest, wheeze
4. CVS: light headedness, ↑ HR, ↓ BP, loss of consciousness
