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DOH 210 > LA Pharmacology > Flashcards

LA Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of Lido/ligncaine?

A

Highly lipophillic therefore rapidly absorbed and short onset of action

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2
Q

Which group does lidocaine/lignocaine belong too?

A

amid

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3
Q

How is lidocaine/lignocaine metabolised?

A

Hepatic (95%)

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4
Q

What is the elimination half life of lidocaine/lignocaine?

A

90-120 min

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5
Q

What is the onset of action for lidocaine/lignocaine?

A

2-3 min

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6
Q

What is the ‘duration of action for lidocaine/lignocaine in Pulp and Soft tissues?

A

Pulp: 60-90min

Soft tissue: 60-120min

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7
Q

Which LA is most commonly used?

A

lidocaine/lignocaine

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8
Q

What is the max dose for lidocaine/lignocaine?

A

7mg/kg/ absolute max for 2% lignocaine with 1:80 000 adrenaline

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9
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of Prilocaine?

A

Slightly slower that lignocaine.

Less vasodilatory, distrubuted more rapidly,

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10
Q

What group does Prilocaine belong too?

A

Amides

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11
Q

How is Prilocaine metabolised?

A

By product of metabolism can exert effect on tisues in large doses

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12
Q

What is the elimination half life of Prilocaine ?

A

Highest clearance of all amides.
Rapid metabolisim in the liver.
Additional clearance in lungs and kidneys.

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13
Q

What is the duration of action in Prilocaine in Pulp and ST?

A

Pulp 40-90min

Soft tissues: 150-210 (with vasoconstrictor)

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14
Q

Which LA is used when preparation with adrenaline is contraindicated?

A

Prilocaine (citanist)

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15
Q

What is the max does for Prilocaine ?

A

9.0mg/kg, absolute max (600mg adult). 3% prilocaine HCI w fennypressin

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16
Q

How is Articaine metabolised?

A

Articaine undergoes biotransformation in the blood plasma + liver

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17
Q

What group does Articaine belong too?

A

Amide

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18
Q

What is the elimination half life of Articaine ?

A

20min

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19
Q

What is the onset of action for Articaine ?

A

2 min

20
Q

What is the duration of action for Articaine ? Pulp and tissue?

A

Pulp: 60-75

Tissue 180-360

21
Q

What category is Articaine ?

A

Category C drug

22
Q

What is the max dose for Articaine ?

A

7mg/kg absolute max (500mg adult).

23
Q

What are the indications for lignocaine?

A

Majority of dental LA

24
Q

What are medical contraindications for lido/lignocaine?

A

Adrenal tumors

Uncontrolled diabetes

25
Q

What are the indications for articaine?

A

Maxillary infiltrations

26
Q

What are the contraindications for articaine?

A

Avoid in preg.
impaired renal function
Elderly
Children

27
Q

What is the indication for prilocaine?

A

When adrenaline is too be avoided

28
Q

What are the contraindications for prilocaine?

A

Coronary artery conditions.

Renal impairment

29
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of Mepivacaine?

A

Least vasodilatory of all amides.
Similar to lignocaine, but short duration of action.
Used when need vasoconstrictor free sol.
Extremely low incidence of allergy

30
Q

What is the proprietary name of Mepivacaine?

A

Scandonest (gold).

31
Q

What is the metabolisim of Mepivacaine?

A

Hepatic

32
Q

What is the elimination half life of Mepivacaine?

A

114-192min

33
Q

What is the Onset of Action for Mepivacaine?

A

1.5-2min

34
Q

What is the duration of action for Mepivacaine; pulp and soft tissue?

A

Pulp: 20-40min

Soft tissue: 120-180

35
Q

What category is Mepivacaine?

A

Cat C.

36
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of Bupivacaine?

A

Long last and high protein binding.

Used at low concerntrations due to its cardiotoxic effects

37
Q

Would you use Bupivacaine as an OHT?

A

NO!

38
Q

Should you use articaine for IAN?

A

No

39
Q

What is the effect of vasoconstrictor?

A

Duration of action longer, keeping LA localised for longer

40
Q

What is the effect of vasodilator?

A

Increases perfussion, LA si caried away

41
Q

What precaution does 1. renal function and 2. liver disease require?

A

Dose reduction

42
Q

What precaution does cardiovascular disease require?

A

Adrenaline does reduction

43
Q

What precaution does Atypical pseudocholinesterase require?

A

Avoid articaine and esters

44
Q

What precaution does pregnancy require?

A

Avoid cat B3, C, D and X medications

45
Q

What do children general require?

A

Dose reduction?

46
Q

What do elderly generally requie?

A

Dose reduction?

DOH 210 (22 decks)

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