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Question 1

Violence:

Answer 1

a category in-between peaceful disputing, and major planned warfare and fighting (Strathern and Stewart 2002).
We construct systems of conflict resolution- justify cviolent conflict.
Neither fully peaceful nor fully violent outcomes are the norm.

Question 2

Constructing Violence

Answer 2

The ways that we construct and understand violence, and create a bias towards collective violent, varies cross-culturally.
Three methods of creating a bias towards collective violence:
Rewarding violence: i.e. the Kiowa
Protection: i.e. the Yanomamö
Religious justifications of Violence: i.e. the Crusades

Question 3

Three methods of creating a bias towards collective peace:

Answer 3

Strong emphasis on sharing and cooperation: i.e. the Semai
Emphasis on modesty: i.e. the Ju/‘hoansi.
Promotion of harmony: i.e. the Xinguanos

Question 4

Factors in the creation of violence:

Answer 4

Protection of resources by force.
Role of Western interference- violence takes place under particular conditions.
Role of gender in violence.

Question 5

Nation-State:

Answer 5

A political community that has clearly defined territorial borders and centralized authority.
Violence is a key instrument in creating and maintaining the nation-state.

Question 6

Ethnocide:

Answer 6

The attempt to destroy the culture of people.

Question 7

Genocide:

Answer 7

The attempt to exterminate a people.

Question 8

Refugees:

Answer 8

Groups of people who have left their home and due to warfare, forced expulsion, acts of terrorism, or other factors.

Question 9

Diaspora:

Answer 9

A population whose members are dispersed and living outside their homeland.

Question 10

How do nuclear weapons scientists justify conducting research on and testing weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 10

Four assumptions:
That anarchy characterized international relations.
That states must rely on self-help since no one else is going to offer them protection.
That nuclear weapons are the ultimate form of self-help.
That relatively little can be done in the short term to change the anarchistic nature of the international system.

Question 11

Language is one of the key ways in which members of a particular culture come to understand their shared worldview as true or natural.

Answer 11

We use language to distance ourselves from the consequences of our actions.
Using metaphors and euphemisms.