Vulval Cancer

Question 1

what are the risk factors for vulval intraepithelial lesions?

Answer 1

> smoking
other genital intraepithelial neoplasia
previous related malignancy
immunosuppression (HIV/transplant)

Question 2

what is the epidemiology of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia?

Answer 2

> younger women

> HPV leads to increasing incidence

Question 3

how may vulval intraepithelial neoplasia present?

Answer 3

> lesions (sharp border)
erosions
warty (keratotic roughened appearance)
discolouration

Question 4

how is vulval intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed?

Answer 4

> histology of punch biopsy

Question 5

how is vulval intraepithelial neoplasia managed?

Answer 5

> laser

> topical treatments [imiquimod]

Question 6

what type of cancer is the majority of vulval cancer?

Answer 6

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

how does vulval cancer present?

Answer 7

> pain
> itch
> bleeding
> lump
> ulcer

Question 8

what is the management for vulval cancer?

Answer 8

> surgery
groin node dissection
radiotherapy
chemotherapy

Question 9

what is stage 1 vulval cancer?

Answer 9

less than 2cm

Question 10

what si stage 2 vulval cancer?

Answer 10

more than 2cm

Question 11

what is stage 3 vulval cancer?

Answer 11

local spread to unilateral nodes

Question 12

what is stage 4 vulval cancer?

Answer 12

> spread distally

> advanced local disease