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Repro > Sexually Transmitted Disease > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Disease Flashcards

1
Q

define a sexually transmitted disease

A

disorder of a structure or function caused by a sexually transmitted pathogen

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2
Q

what is a sexually transmitted infection?

A

an infection by a pathogen which is sexually transmissible (unlikely to be transmitted by sexual means)

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3
Q

what is a sexually transmitted microbe?

A

a virus/bacteria or protozoan that is spread by sexual contact

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4
Q

what organism causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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5
Q

what is the male presentation of gonorrhoea?

A

> asymptomatic (10%) (rectal and pharyngeal)
dysuria
thick profuse yellow discharge

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6
Q

what is the female presentation of gonorrhoea?

A

> dysuria
vaginal discharge
bleeding: intermenstrual and post coital

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7
Q

what complications can arise form gonorrhoea in men?

A

> epididymitis

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8
Q

what complications can arise form gonorrhoea in women?

A

> pelvic inflammatory disease

> Bartholin’s abscess

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9
Q

what complications can arise form gonorrhoea in men and women?

A

> acute mono-arthritis (elbow and shoulder)

> disseminated gonococcal infection (skin lesions of pustular halo)

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10
Q

what treatment is there for gonorrhoea?

A 
> antibiotics according to sensitivities
> blind: azithromycin 1g or ceftriaxone 500mg
> follow up
 - test for cure at 2 weeks 
 - test for reinfection at 3 months
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11
Q

how is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

> nucleic acid amplification (urine/swab)
gram stained smear
culture (checks sensitivity)

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12
Q

what causes chlamydia?

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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13
Q

what are the symptoms for chlamydia in men?

A

> dysuria
slight watery discharge
conjunctivitis
asymptomatic (70%)

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14
Q

what are the symptoms for chlamydia in women?

A 
> asymptomatic (80%)
> dysuria
> vaginal discharge
> bleeding (intermenstrual and post coital)
> conjunctivitis
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15
Q

what complications can occur from chlamydia in men?

A

> epididymitis

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16
Q

what complications can occur from chlamydia in women?

A

> pelvic pain
pelvic inflammatory disease (ectopic pregnancy)
infertility

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17
Q

what complications can occur in both men and women from chlamydia?

A

> cervicitis
urethritis
reactive arthritis (reiters syndrome)

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18
Q

how is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

> first void urine in men
swab (cervix, urethra, rectum)
NAAT test

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19
Q

what is the management of chlamydia?

A

> azithromycin 1g
doxycycline 100mg for 1 week (rectal infection)
follow up at 3 -12 months for reinfection

20
Q

what causes herpes STI?

A

herpes simplex one and two

21
Q

how does herpes present?

A 
> 80% have no symptoms
> burning/itching then blistering then tender ulceration
> tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
> flu like symptoms
> dysuria
> neurological pain (back, pelvis, legs)
22
Q

what complications can occur in herpes infection?

A

> autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention)
secondary infection
neonatal infection

23
Q

HSV2 is an important cofactor in the transmission of what?

A

HIV

24
Q

what is the incubation period of herpes?

A

5 days to months

25
Q

how is herpes diagnosed?

A

> clinically

> PCR of lesion swab

26
Q

what is the management for herpes?

A

> ACICLOVIR for primary outbreak
- 400g twice a day frequent occurrence
- 1.2g daily until symptoms have gone in in frequent occurrence
lidocaine ointment

27
Q

what causes syphilis?

A

treponema pallidum

28
Q

how does primary syphilis present?

A

local ulcer

29
Q

how does secondary syphilis present?

A

> rash
mucosal ulceration
neuro symptoms
patchy alopecia

30
Q

describe the early latent stage of syphilis

A

no symptoms but less than 2 years since infected

31
Q

describe late latent stage of syphilis

A

no symptoms but more than 2 years since infected

32
Q

how does tertiary syphilis present?

A

> neurological symptoms
gummatous skin lesions
cardiovascular symptoms

33
Q

what is the incubation period in syphilis?

A

9-90 days

34
Q

how is early syphilis managed?

A

> benzathine penicillin 2.4 Mu once

> doxycycline 100mg 2 times a day for 2 weeks

35
Q

how is syphilis diagnosed?

A

> PCR sample from ulcer
clinical signs
serology

36
Q

what complications can arise from syphilis?

A

> congenital syphilis

> neurosyphilis (cranial nerve palsies, aortal involvement, cardiac involvement)

37
Q

what are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

> asymptomatic in men
vulvulitis
frothy, foul and profuse vaginal discharge

38
Q

in what group is trichomonas vaginalis more common?

A

middle aged women

39
Q

what complications can trichomonas vaginalis lead to?

A

> miscarriage

> preterm labour

40
Q

how is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?

A

> PCR of vaginal swab

> microscopy of preparation of vaginal discharge

41
Q

how is trichomonas vaginalis managed?

A

metronidazole 2g single dose or 400mg twice a day for 5 days

42
Q

how do angiogenital warts present?

A

> cauliflower lumps

> perianal/intra-uthral bleeding/itching

43
Q

what causes angogenital warts?

A

human papilloma virus types 6-11

44
Q

what percentage of people infected with HPV get warts?

A

20%

45
Q

what complications can arise from angogenital warts

A

neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis

46
Q

how are angiogenital warts diagnosed?

A

> clinically

> biopsy (if unusual, to exclude intra-epithelial neoplasia)

47
Q

how are angioigenital warts managed?

A

> podophylootoxin
imiquimod
cryotherapy
diathermy or scissor removal if bulky

Repro (22 decks)

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