Vulva

Question 1

what structures are included in the vulva

Answer 1

• skin and mucosa that is external to hymen

- labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, vestibule

Question 2

what epithelium lines the vulva

Answer 2

squamous epithelium

Question 3

What is Bartholin cyst

Answer 3

cystic dilation of Bartholin gland

Question 4

Where is Bartholin gland located? What does it produce? and where does is drain

Answer 4

• each side of vaginal canal
• mucus-like fluid
• ducts into lower vestibule

Question 5

what causes Bartholin cyst

Answer 5

inflammation and obstruction of gland

Question 6

who usually gets Bartholin cyst

Answer 6

women of reproductive age

Question 7

how does Bartholin cyst present clinically

Answer 7

unilateral, painful cyst

Question 8

What is condyloma

Answer 8

watery neoplasm of vulvar skin

often large

Question 9

What are common and less common causes of condyloma

Answer 9

common: HPV 6 or 11

less common: secondary syphilis ( condyloma latum)

Question 10

Histologically, HPV-associated condylomas are characterized by what

Answer 10

Koilocytes

Question 11

Do condylomas progress to carcioma

Answer 11

rarely (low risk HPV)

Question 12

What is Lichen Sclerosis

Answer 12

thinning of epidermis and fibrosis (sclerosis) of dermis

Question 13

clinical presentation of Lichen Sclerosis

Answer 13

white patch ( leukoplakia) with parchment-like vulvar skin

Question 14

Lichen sclerosis is seen in who

Answer 14

postmenopausal women

Question 15

Is lichen sclerosis benign or malignant

Answer 15

Benign

- slightly increased risk for squamous cell carcioma

Question 16

What is lichen simplex chronicus

Answer 16

hyperplasia of vulvar squamous epithelium

Question 17

how does lichen simplex chronicus present

Answer 17

leukoplakia with thick, leathery vulvar skin

Question 18

is lichen simplex chronicus benign or malignant

Answer 18

benign

no increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

what is vulvar carcinoma

Answer 19

carcinoma arising from squamous epithelium lining vulva

Question 20

how does vulvar carcinoma present

Answer 20

leukoplakia

Question 21

Etiology of vulvar carcinoma

Answer 21

HPV related or non HPV related

Question 22

HPV related vulvar carcinoma is due to which strands of HPV

Answer 22

HPV 16 and 18

Question 23

What are risk factors related to HPV exposure

Answer 23

multiple sex partners

early first age of intercourse

Question 24

who does HPV usually occur in

Answer 24

women of reproductive age

Question 25

HPV related vulvar carcinoma arises from what condition

Answer 25

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

Question 26

what is VIN- vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Answer 26

dysplastic precursor lesion

• kiolocytic change
• disordered cellular maturation
• nuclear atypia
• increased mitotic activity

Question 27

non-HPV related vulvar carcinoma arises from what condition

Answer 27

long-standing lichen sclerosis

Question 28

who usually gets non-HPV vulvar carcinoma

Answer 28

elderly women

Question 29

what is extramammary paget disease

Answer 29

malignant epithelial cells in EPIDERMIS of vulva

Question 30

how does extramammary paget disease clinically present

Answer 30

erythematous
pruritic
ulcerated vulvar skin

Question 31

characterize paget disease of nipple

Answer 31

malignant epithelial cells in EPIDERMIS of nipple

Question 32

what is the difference between paget disease of nipple and extramammary paget disease

Answer 32

nipple: associated with underlying carcinoma
extramammary: carcinoma in situ, no underlying carcinoma

Question 33

what are biomarkers for extramammary paget cells (impt to distinguish from melanoma)

Answer 33

PAS+
Keratin +
S100-

Question 34

What are biomarkers for Melanoma of vulva

Answer 34

PAS-
Keratin -
S100 +