Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography - Component 1 > Vulnerable Coastlines > Flashcards

Vulnerable Coastlines Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Define vulnerability

A

The potential to be harmed by a natural hazard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define magnitude

A

A quantitative measure of the size of a natural event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define capacity

A

The ability of a country or region to react to and recover from a natural hazard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What physical factors increase vulnerability?

physical factor

A

Magnitude
Duration
Predictability
Regularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does magnitude increase vulnerability?

physical factor

A

Stronger the hazard, the more severe the impact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does duration increase vulnerability?

physical factor

A

Longer the hazard lasts, the more severe the impacts are likely to be.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does predictability increase vulnerability?

physical factor

A

Hazards that hit without a warning will have more serious results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does regularity increase vulnerability?

physical factor

A

If hazards occur often + quickly, than severity likely to be greater. Communities don’t have capacity to recover before next storm hits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What human factors increase vulnerability?

A 
Wealth (economic factor)
Education (social)
Governments (social/economic)
Age (social)
Health (social)
Population density (social)
Time of day/day of week (social)
Emergency services (social/economic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does wealth increase vulnerability?

human factor

A

Poor people less able to afford housing that can withstand extreme events.
Less likely to have money/insurance policies to help with recovery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does education decrease vulnerability?

human factor

A

When population literate, written messages can spread info (before event or issue warnings + give advice).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can governments decrease vulnerability?

human factor

A

Support education + awareness, + build sea defences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does age increase vulnerability?

human factor

A

Children + elderly more vulnerable - have fewer financial resources + often depend on others for survival.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does health decrease vulnerability?

human factor

A

Healthy person more able to escape dangers + recover after event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does population density increase vulnerability?

human factor

A

Greater the number of people who live in area, the more severe the impact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the timer of day/day of week increase vulnerability?
(human factor)

A

Influences whether people at home, work or coastline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do emergency services decrease vulnerability?

human factor

A

Richer countries have well-trained + well-resourced response teams that can rescue + treat people following a disaster.

18
Q

Define low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs)

A

Coastal areas that are less than 10m above sea level.

19
Q

Define Storm surge

A

A rapid rise in sea level caused by storms forcing water into a narrowing sea area e.g. an estuary.

20
Q

Define isostatic recovery

A

The weight of the ice acted like a see-saw and pushed down Scotland and raised the South East.
Now that the weight of the ice has gone Scotland is rebounding and the South East sinking back down.

21
Q

How are sea levels likely to increase the risk of coastal communities?

A

Sea levels likely to rise by 50-100cm by 2100, which can increase coastal flooding.

22
Q

How are warmer seas likely to increase the risk of coastal communities?

A

Warmer seas lead to increased frequency + strength of storms causing increased coastal erosion + storm surges.

23
Q

How are storms likely to increase the risk of coastal communities?

A

More violent storms will give heavier rainfall + increased risk of flash flooding.

24
Q

What are primary impacts?

A

Immediate consequences of an event.

People inside collapsing building during cliff collapse.

25
Q

What are secondary impacts?

A

Result from primary event - may last many years.

Destroyed buildings = people homeless

26
Q

Define delta

A

A landform created by the deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enter slower-moving or standing water (e.g. ocean, sea or lake).

27
Q

Define salination

A

The process that increases the salt content of water or soil.

28
Q

Define environmental refugees

A

People who have been forced to leave their traditional habitats because of a marked environmental disruption.

29
Q

What factors make coastal communities in the UK vulnerable?

A 
High number of elderly
Tourists/visitors who stay for short time only
Low employment levels
Seasonality of work
Poor transport links
30
Q

What 3 factors does the size and energy of waves depend on?

A

Fetch
Strength of the wind
Length of time the wind has been blowing for

31
Q

What is a concordant coastline?

A

Where the geology is parallel to the coastline - has one type of rock.

32
Q

What is a discordant coastline?

A

Where the geology is at 90 degrees to the coastline - has different types of rock.

33
Q

What storm surge did you study?

A

Boston, December 2013

34
Q

Why is the south east coast of the UK more vulnerable to storm surges?

A

North sea

Funnel effect between UK and Europe

35
Q

What causes a storm surge?

A

Low air pressure causes a bulge in the sea. Bulge is pushed forward by the wind.

36
Q

What are two physical reasons why London is vulnerable to flooding?

A

Storm surges

Narrowing of the land (funnel effect)

37
Q

What are two human reasons why London is vulnerable to flooding?

A

Large population

Lots of buildings along the Thames

38
Q

How has London attempted to reduce the threat of flooding?

A

Thames Barrier

39
Q

What are the 5 features of destructive waves?

A 
Occur in storm conditions
Have high energy
Long fetch (travelled a long distance)
Responsible for erosion
Greater backwash than swash
40
Q

What are the 5 features of constructive waves?

A 
Occur in calm conditions
Have low energy
Transport material by Longshore drift
Responsible for deposition
Greater swash than backwash

Geography - Component 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions